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Poster of the character Old Bob playing a banjo with his mule Calamity Jane

Created by:: Unidentified Search this

Medium:: ink on paper with linen backing

Dimensions:: H x W: 27 × 20 1/2 in. (68.6 × 52.1 cm)

Type:: posters

Place printed:: Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, North and Central America

Date:: ca. 1900

Topic:: African American Search this; Caricature and cartoons Search this; Instrumentalists (Musicians) Search this; Minstrel (Music) Search this; Minstrel shows Search this; Stereotypes Search this; Vaudeville Search this

Credit Line:: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number:: 2014.63.86

Restrictions & Rights:: Public domain; Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:: Memorabilia and Ephemera-Advertisements; Racist and Stereotypical Objects

Data Source:: National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd54d067ff1-208d-464e-98a1-70f848c91906

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nmaahc_2014.63.86

Online Media:

Mark Raymond Harrington photograph collection

Creator:: Harrington, M. R. (Mark Raymond), 1882-1971 Search this; Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957 Search this

Donor:: Harrington, Marie Walsh Search this

Extent:: 2133 Negatives (photographic); 3 Lantern slides; 174 Photographic prints (black & white)

Culture:: Mesoamerica Search this; Southwest Search this; Island Caribbean Search this; Paiute Search this; Achomawi (Pit River) Search this; Alibamu Search this; Anishinaabe (Chippewa/Ojibwa) Search this; Cahuilla Search this; Catawba Search this; Chitimacha Search this; Coushatta (Koasati) Search this; Diné (Navajo) Search this; Hopi Pueblo Search this; Iroquois Search this; Kiowa Search this; Lenape (Delaware) Search this; Maidu Search this; Menominee (Menomini) Search this; Miami Search this; Mohegan Search this; Nanticoke Search this; Narragansett Search this; Niantic Search this; Niuam (Comanche) Search this; Osage Search this; Northern Paiute (Paviotso) Search this; Pomo Search this; Potawatomi Search this; Sac and Fox (Sauk & Fox) Search this; Seminole Search this; Tolowa Search this; Bribri Search this; Chiricahua Apache Search this; Eastern Band of Cherokee Search this; Kickapoo [Oklahoma] Search this; Kikapu (Mexican Kickapoo) Search this; Mattaponi Search this; Mississippi Choctaw Search this; Oklahoma Delaware Search this; Oklahoma Shawnee Search this; Oneida Search this; Onondaga Search this; Pamunkey Search this; Peoria Search this; Seneca Search this; Shinnecock Search this; Sisitonwan Dakota (Sisseton Sioux) Search this; Wyandot Search this; Yara Taíno Search this; Absentee Shawnee [Shawnee, Oklahoma-Pottawatomie County] Search this; Cayuga [Six Nations/Grand River (Brantford, Ontario)] Search this; Mississauga (Missisauga) Search this; Munsee Delaware Search this; Wyandotte [Oklahoma] Search this; Gay Head Wampanoag Search this; A:shiwi (Zuni) Search this

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Negatives (photographic); Lantern slides; Photographic prints; Negatives

Place:: Cuba; Texas; Arkansas; Louisiana; Northeastern States; Missouri; California; New Mexico; Tennessee; New York; Florida; Southern States; Nevada; Mexico; Great Basin; Southwestern States; Arizona; Canada; Ecuador

Date:: 1899-1947

Summary:: Includes photographs of individual tribal members, artifacts; and the following archeological sites: Hawikku (Hawikuh), Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico; Mill Creek, Tehama County, California; Coachilla Valley, California; Sandal Cave, New Mexico; Eagle Canyon, Texas; Thea Heye Cave, Pyramid Lake, Nevada; Crown Peak, Chisos Mountains, Texas; Pueblo Grande, Nevada; Salt Caves, St. Thomas, Nevada; Chuckawalla Cave, Nevada; Lovelock Cave, Pershing County, Nevada; other sites in Nevada; cacti in Brewster County, Texas and California; archaeological sites in Arkansas, Florida, Missouri, New York, and Tennessee Collection also includes a variety of scenic shots in different states; shots of persons, identified and unidentified; personal photographs of Harrington, his son, and one of his wives (ELH); and photographs taken during his expeditions to Cuba and Ecuador. Includes photographs of the Alibamu, Apache, Catawba, Cherokee, Chitimacha, Choctaw, Chumash, Comanche, Delaware, Iowa, Iroquois, Kaw, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Klamath, Koasati, Maidu, Mattaponi, Mohegan, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Navajo, Niantic (Nyantic),Ojibwa (Chippewa), Osage, Paiute, Pamunkey, Peoria, Pit River, Potawatomi, Quapaw, Sac and Fox (Sauk and Fox), Seminole, Shawnee, Tolowa, Tulare, Wampanoag, Wichita, Wyandot, Yara, and Zuni tribes.

Arrangement note:: Collection arranged by format and item number.

Biographical/Historical note:: Mark Raymond Harrington was born on the campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor on July 6, 1882. He received his BS in 1907 and his MA in 1908 from Columbia University, where he studied under Franz Boas. He met George Heye while working at Covert's Indian store in New York in 1908 and Heye hired him shortly thereafter. Harrington spent from 1908-1911 visiting and collecting from tribes in the east and Midwest for Heye. From 1911-1915 Harrington was assistant curator at the University of Pennsylvania Museum. From 1916-1917 he conducted archeological surveys in Cuba and Arkansas, after which he spent a short time in the U.S. Army during the First World War. After his return in 1919 he started a series of archeological surveys in Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Nevada, and Texas. Harrington worked for George G. Heye as an archaeologist, ethnologist, field collector, and curator, primarily along the eastern seaboard, in the south, Midwest, west, Cuba and Ecuador, from 1908 to 1928. He then joined the staff of the Southwest Museum as curator until his retirement in 1964. He died in San Fernando, California on June 30, 1971. Harrington is the author of many books and several hundred articles. A partial bibliography can be found in the Mark Raymond Harrington manuscript collection in the archives of the National Museum of the American Indian, Cultural Resource Center, Suitland, Maryland.

General note:: NMAItest

Restrictions:: Access restricted. For information on this collection consult the NMAI photo archivist at 301-238-1400 or NMAIphotos@si.edu.

Rights:: Copyright restrictions apply. Contact archives staff for information.

Genre/Form:: Negatives; Photographic prints; Lantern slides

Identifier:: NMAI.AC.001.035

Archival Repository:: National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sv4acadc0fb-6afe-4e43-9413-0684acc3dda5

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-001-035

Frederick Starr negatives and lantern slides

Creator:: Starr, Frederick, 1859-1933 Search this

Photographer:: Lang, Charles B. Search this; Grabic, Louis Search this

Extent:: 152 Lantern slides; 3344 Negatives (photographic)

Culture:: Zoque Search this; San Felipe Pueblo Search this; Mazatec [Huautla] Search this; Indians of Mexico Search this; Zapotec Search this; Maya Search this; Wampanoag Search this; Salish (Flathead) Search this; Mazahua Search this; Ute Search this; Sioux Search this; Numakiki (Mandan) Search this; Tzotzil Maya Search this; Taos Pueblo Search this; Tzeltal Maya Search this; Sac and Fox (Sauk & Fox) Search this; Laguna Pueblo Search this; Triqui (Trique) [San Joan Copala] Search this; Shuar Search this; Niimíipuu (Nez Perce) Search this; Chol Maya Search this; Totonac Search this; Osage Search this; Chaticks Si Chaticks (Pawnee) Search this; Tonkawa Search this; Otomí (Otomi) Search this; Diné (Navajo) Search this; Tlingit Search this; Mixe Search this; Chinantec Search this; Mixtec Search this; Potawatomi Search this; Chibcha Search this; Akimel O'odham (Pima) Search this; Mehináku (Mehinacu) Search this; Salish (Flathead) Search this; Apache Search this; Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne) Search this; Ponca Search this; Menominee (Menomini) Search this; Cahuilla Search this; Haida Search this; Karajá (Caraja) Search this; Cherokee Search this; Sahnish (Arikara) Search this; Assiniboine (Stoney) Search this; Apsáalooke (Crow/Absaroke) Search this; Caddo Search this; Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl) Search this; Cochiti Pueblo Search this; Teotihuacán (archaeological culture) Search this; Isleta Pueblo Search this; Purepecha (Tarasco) Search this; Inunaina (Arapaho) Search this; Iroquois Search this; Anishinaabe (Chippewa/Ojibwa) Search this; A:shiwi (Zuni) Search this; Acoma Pueblo Search this; Macushi (Macusi) Search this

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Lantern slides; Negatives (photographic); Negatives

Place:: Colombia; Washington; West Virginia; Kansas; Kentucky; New Mexico; Brazil; Ecuador; Missouri; Wisconsin; Oklahoma; Ohio; New York; Georgia; Mexico; Iowa; Arkansas; Illinois; Pennsylvania; Alaska

Date:: 1894-1910

Summary:: The collection includes materials from cultures in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, and Guiana: Acoma Pueblo, Apache, Arapaho, Arikara, Assiniboine, Caddo, Cahuilla, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chibcha, Chinantec, Chippewa (Ojibwa), Choco, Chol, Chontal, Cochiti Pueblo, Crow, Cuicatec, Eskimo, Flathead, Haida, Hopi, Huastec, Huave, Iowa, Iroquois, Isleta, Karaja, Kwakiutl, Laguna Pueblo, Macusi, Mandan, Maya, Mazahua, Mazatec, Mehinaku, Menomini, Mixe, Mixtec, Navajo, Nez Perce, Osage, Otomi, Ottawa, Pawnee, Pima, Ponca, Potawatomi, Salish, San Blas, San Felipe Pueblo, Sauk & Fox, Shuar, Sioux, Taos Pueblo, Tarasco, Teotihuacan, Tepehua, Tlaxcala, Tlingit, Tonkawa, Totonac, Triqui, Tzental, Tzotzil, Ute, Wampanoag, Zapotec, Zoque, Zuni.

Arrangement note:: Collection arranged by item number.

Biographical/Historical note:: Frederick Starr was born in Auburn, New York, on September 2, 1858. He received a Ph.D. in biology in 1884 at Coe College, where he was later appointed professor of biology. Starr did postgraduate work in anthropology at Yale. In 1889 he was appointed head of Ethnology at the American Museum of Natural History, and in 1892 he was chosen by William Harper to organize the Anthropology Department at the new University of Chicago. Starr remained at the University until his retirement in 1923. Besides his field studies with various Indian tribes in the United States, Starr traveled to Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Ecuador, Guiana, Japan, the Philippines, and Africa. He died in Tokyo, Japan, on August 14, 1933. Starr was the author of several books and scholarly articles.

General note:: Starr hired professional photographers Charles B. Lang and Louis Grabic to accompany him on his field trips. One lantern slide of Moses Ladd (Menomini) was taken by William H. Jackson.

Provenance:: Dr. Frederick Starr, Purchased, circa 1929

Restrictions:: Access restricted. Researchers should contact the staff of the NMAI Archives for an appointment to access the collection.

Topic:: Indians of South America -- Brazil Search this; Indians of North America -- Southwest Search this; Indians of South America -- Colombia Search this; Indians of North America -- Alaska Search this; Indians of North America -- Basin Search this; Indians of North America -- Plains Search this; Indians of North America -- Southeast Search this; Indians of North America -- Plateau Search this; Indians of Central America -- Guatemala Search this; Indians of North America -- Northwest Search this; Indians of North America -- Northeast Search this; Indians of North America -- Midwest Search this; Indians of South America -- Ecuador Search this; Indians of South America -- Guiana Search this

Genre/Form:: Negatives; Lantern slides

Identifier:: NMAI.AC.052

Archival Repository:: National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sv40602e9f6-8984-4da6-a139-bd97c27fa824

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-052

Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection

Creator:: Churchill, Frank C. (Frank Carroll), 1850-1912 Search this; Churchill, Clara G. Search this

Names:: United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs Search this; United States. Department of the Interior Search this

Extent:: 3,710 Photographic prints (29 photograph albums); 3 Linear feet; 1430 Negatives (photographic) (acetate); 325 Lantern slides (colored)

Culture:: Oklahoma Cherokee Search this; Oklahoma Muskogee (Creek) Search this; Osage Search this; A:shiwi (Zuni) Search this; Indians of North America Search this; Sioux [Crow Creek] Search this; Ponca Search this; Chaticks Si Chaticks (Pawnee) Search this; Oklahoma Seminole Search this; Quapaw Search this; Miami [Oklahoma] Search this; Wyandotte [Oklahoma] Search this; Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne) Search this; Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Search this; Eastern Shawnee [Quapaw Agency, Oklahoma] Search this; Chaticks Si Chaticks (Pawnee) Search this; Oto Search this; Sioux [Crow Creek] Search this; Chickasaw Search this; Modoc Search this; Kiowa Search this; Kaw (Kansa) Search this; Diné (Navajo) Search this; Acoma Pueblo Search this; Akimel O'odham (Pima) Search this; Cahuilla Search this; Chemehuevi Search this; Cochiti Pueblo Search this; Hopi Pueblo Search this; Isleta Pueblo Search this; K'apovi (Santa Clara Pueblo) Search this; Kumeyaay (Diegueño) Search this; Laguna Pueblo Search this; Payómkawichum (Luiseño) Search this; Mescalero Apache Search this; Mojave (Mohave) Search this; Ohkay Owingeh (San Juan Pueblo) Search this; Picuris Pueblo Search this; Piipaash (Maricopa) Search this; Puye Pueblo Search this; Quechan (Yuma/Cuchan) Search this; San Carlos Apache Search this; Taos Pueblo Search this; Tohono O'odham (Papago) Search this; Minnesota Chippewa Search this; Lake Superior Chippewa Search this; Potawatomi Search this; Menominee (Menomini) Search this; Pechanga Band Luiseño Search this; Rincon Band Luiseño Search this; Santa Ysabel (Santa Isabela) Diegueño Search this; Pala Band Luiseño (Agua Caliente) Search this; Yuit (Siberian Yup'ik) Search this; Inupiaq (Alaskan Inupiat Eskimo) Search this; Bering Strait Inupiaq Search this; Alutiiq (Pacific Eskimo) Search this; Tlingit Search this; Eastern Band of Cherokee Search this; Pikuni Blackfeet (Piegan) Search this; Wahpetonwan Dakota (Wahpeton Sioux) Search this; Seminole Search this

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Photographic prints; Negatives (photographic); Lantern slides; Photographs; Photograph albums

Place:: Utah; Alaska; Oklahoma; Washington; Florida; Montana; Arizona; Arkansas; Missouri; North Carolina; Minnesota; New Mexico; California

Date:: 1880-1928; bulk 1899-1909

Summary:: The Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection includes photographic negatives, photo albums, lantern slides, journals, scrapbooks and other documents created and compiled by the Churchills over the course of Frank's career as a special agent and Indian Inspector for the Department of the Interior between 1899 and 1909. Initially assigned as a revenue collector to the Cherokee Nation and later as an Indian Inspector reviewing boarding schools, Frank's assignments took him all over the United States including Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma), Missouri, Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, California, Florida, North Carolina and Alaska. During this time the Churchills visited over 80 different Native communities shooting photographs and taking notes.

Scope and Contents:: The Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection includes 1430 photographic negatives, 29 photo albums containing 3710 photographic prints, 325 lantern slides, and 3 linear feet of journals, scrapbooks, and other documents created and compiled by the Churchills over the course of Frank's career as a special agent and Indian Inspector for the Department of the Interior between 1899 and 1909.

Series 1: Photographs in Indian Territory (Oklahoma): Muskogee, Tahlequah, Sulphur Springs and Other Assignments, 1899-1903, includes 11 photo albums and 357 negatives from Frank Churchill's original assignment as revenue collector to the Cherokee Nation. Locations include Indian Territory (Oklahoma) [bulk], Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Arkansas, and Missouri. The Native communities visited and photographed in this series include— Oklahoma Cherokee, Oklahoma Muskogee (Creek), Quapaw, Osage, Miami, Wyandotte [Oklahoma], Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne), Winnebago [Nebraska], Eastern Shawnee [Quapaw Agency, Oklahoma], Ponca, Chaticks Si Chaticks (Pawnee), Oto, Sioux [Crow Creek], Kaw (Kansa), Chickasaw, Modoc, Kiowa, Choctaw.

Series 2: Photographs in the Southwest and Midwest: Arizona, New Mexico, Califonia, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 1903-1907, includes 9 photo albums and 832 negatives from Frank Churchill's assignment as an Indian Inspector. Because the Churchills visited some of the same locations on multiple occasions, it has been hard to date some of the negatives. For that reason, all the negatives made in the Southwest have been included in this series, though there are two photo albums with Southwest photographs included in Series 4. Locations in this series includes Arizona, New Mexico, California, Minnesota and Wisconsin. The Native Communities visited and photographed in this series include—A:shiwi (Zuni), Diné (Navajo), Acoma Pueblo, Akimel O'odham (Pima), Cahuilla, Chemehuevi, Cochiti Pueblo, Hopi Pueblo, Isleta Pueblo, K'apovi (Santa Clara Pueblo), Kumeyaay (Diegueño), Laguna Pueblo, Luiseño (Luiseno), Mescalero Apache, Mojave (Mohave), Ohkay Owingeh (San Juan Pueblo), Picuris Pueblo, Piipaash (Maricopa), Puye Pueblo, Quechan (Yuma/Cuchan), San Carlos Apache, Taos Pueblo, Tohono O'odham (Papago).

Series 3: Photographs in Alaska and Oregon, 1905-1910 (bulk 1905), includes four photograph albums and 71 negatives from Frank Churchill's appointment as special agent, by President Roosevelt, to investigate the condition of the school & reindeer service and other affairs in Alaska in the summer and fall of 1905. Two of the albums were not made by the Churchills. The first of these (Box 20) includes photographs by William Hamilton and the second (Box 21) includes photographs by W. T. Lopp. Locations in Alaska include St. Lawrence Island, Nuwukmiut/Point Barrow, Teller, Diomedes Islands, Nome, Kotzebue, Wrangell, Port Clarence Bay, Unalaska Island and Baranof Island. There are a number of photographs aboard the U.S. Cutter "Bear" and aboard the mailboat "Georgia." Native communities photographed include—Yuit (Siberian Yup'ik), Inupiaq (Alaskan Inupiat Eskimo), Bering Strait Inupiaq [Diomedes], Alutiiq (Pacific Eskimo), Tlingit.

Series 4: Photographs in Arizona, Utah, North Carolina, Montana, North Dakota, Florida and Miscellaneous, 1907-1909, includes five photograph albums and 163 negatives from Frank Churchill's assignment at Indian Inspector. Because the Churchills visited some of the same locations in the Southwest (Arizona and Utah) on multiple occasions, it has been hard to date some of the negatives. For that reason, all the negatives made in the Southwest have been included in Series 3. Locations include Arizona, Utah, North Carolina, Montana, North Dakota and Florida. Native communities visited and photographed include-Diné (Navajo), Hopi Pueblo, Kaibab Paiute, Quechan (Yuma/Cuchan), Eastern Band of Cherokee, Pikuni Blackfeet (Piegan), Wahpetonwan Dakota [Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe], Turtle Mountain Chippewa, Seminole. There is restricted material in Box 23 (Album P23380).

Series 5: Non-Native Photographs: Colorado Vacation, Lebanon, New Hampshire, and other Materials, 1898-1913, includes four photograph albums from vacations and other visits made by the Churchills unrelated to Frank's activities as Indian Inspector.

Series 6: Manuscripts: Journals, Documents and Scrapbooks, 1880-1928 (bulk 1899-1909), includes three linear feet of materials arranged in three subseries. Subseries 6.1, Clara Churchill, includes 16 journals, 12 scrapbooks and various other manuscript materials written and accumulated by Clara Churchill during their travels. Many of the journals include personal writings as well as several photographs that are duplicated in the photograph albums. The journals and scrapbooks encompass the full range of the Churchills' travels and include notes from Indian Territory, Southwest, Midwest, Southeast, Plains and Alaska. Subseries 6.2, Colonel Frank C. Churchill, includes official documents around Churchill's assignments as well as the reports Frank submitted back to the Secretary of the Interior (Box 41 and 42). Subseries 6.3, Churchill Museum and Miscellaneous, includes catalogs and other notes related to the large collection of Native American objects amassed by Frank and Clara. Clara also collected other items such as shells, minerals, and sand.

Series 7: Lantern Slides for Lectures, 1899-1909, includes 325 hand colored glass lantern slides. These were made by the Churchills from existing negatives and used for lectures. Lantern slides #1-#121 include views photographed in Alaska in 1905. Sldes #122-#325 include an assortment of views from Oklahoma (Indian Territory), Nebraska, Montana, Minnesota, California, Arizona and New Mexico photographed between 1900 and 1909.

Arrangement:: The Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection has been arranged in seven series by material type and then chronologically. The first five series are then divided into subseries by "Photo Albums" and "Negatives." These include--Series 1: Photographs in Indian Territory (Oklahoma): Muskogee, Tahlequah, Sulphur Springs and Other Assignments, 1899-1903; Series 2: Photographs in the Southwest and Midwest: Arizona, New Mexico, California, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 1907-1907; Series 3: Photographs in Alaska and Oregon, 1905-1910 (bulk 1905-1905); Series 4: Photographs in Arizona, Utah, North Carolina, Montana, North Dakota, Florida and Miscellaneous, 1907-1909; Series 5: Non-Native Photographs: Colorado Vaction, Lebanon, New Hampshire, and other Materials.

Series 6: Manuscripts: Journals, Documents and Scrapbooks, 1880-1928, is arranged in three subseries. Subseries 6.1: Clara G. Churchill, Subseries 6.2: Frank C. Churchill, and Subseries 6.3: Churchill Museum and Miscellaneous. Series 7: Lantern Slides for Lectures, 1899-1909, is arranged in orginal number order from the Hood Museum at Dartmouth College.

Biographical / Historical:: Frank Carroll Churchill was born August 2, 1850 to Benjamin P. Churchill and Susanna Thompson in West Fairlee, Vermont. Frank was educated at Thetford Academy in Thetford, VT and worked as a clerk for D.C. Churchill & Co. in Lyme, NH between 1869-1870. Between 1870 and 1877, Churchill was employed by H.W. Carter as a wholesale merchant in Lebanon, New Hampshire. During this time, Churchill met Clara Corser Turner and they were married on June 11, 1874.

Clara G. (Turner) Churchill was born December 16, 1851, to Colonel Francis H. Corser and Sarah Hook (Perkins) Corser. Colonel Corser and his wife died young, and Clara was adopted by George and Abby H. Turner of Concord, New Hampshire. In 1877, in association with William S. Carter, Frank Churchill opened the business "Carter & Churchill" which was in this business for 21 years. Churchill held various political offices from 1879-91. He served as chairman of the Republican town committee of Lebanon and of the Republican State committee in 1890 and 1891. He served on the staff of Governor Natt Head in 1879 and 1880, with the rank of Colonel. He was chairman of the New Hampshire delegation at the Republican National Convention which nominated President Harrison and represented the Fourth District in the Executive Council in 1889-1890 during the administration of Governor David. H. Goodell.

In 1899 Frank was appointed revenue inspector for the Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory and was later appointed a special agent for the Interior Department to formulate a system of public schools in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) and across the Southwest. In 1905, he was appointed special agent, by President Roosevelt, to investigate the condition of the school & reindeer service and other affairs in Alaska and was reappointed Indian Inspector between 1905-1909. In 1909, Churchill resigned due to failing health and died November 5, 1912. Clara accompanied Frank on all his travels between 1899 and 1909 (see below chronology for full details) maintaining journals and writing articles for publication in "WHAT." Clara was also a painter, producing watercolors and hand-painting many of the photographs she and Frank made on their travels. Following Frank's death, Clara maintained their collection of Native artifacts and photographs in their home in Lebanon, New Hampshire. Clara died April 16, 1945, bequeathing the full collection to Dartmouth College.; Frank Churchill's assignments as Special agent and Indian Inspector from 1899-1909 took him all over the United States including Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma), Missouri, Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, California, Florida, North Carolina and Alaska. During this time the Churchills visited over 80 different Native communities. For more details, see the chronology below.

Travels in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) and other assignments, 1899-1903

1899, June 29 -- Churchills arrive in Muskogee, Indian Territory (Oklahoma).

1899, July-October -- Visit to Fort Gibson, Tahlequah, Sallisaw, and Vinita (Indian Territory/Oklahoma). Visit to Noel and South west City, Missouri. Visit to Chelsea and Coffeyville, Kansas. Visit to Fort Smith, Arkansas.

1899, November -- Visit Tahlequah while the Cherokee Nation legislature was in session.

1899, December -- Travel in Colorado.

1900, March -- Return to Muskogee and Fort Gibson.

1900, Sept 17-Oct 5 -- Dawes Commission in Vinita.

1901, Mar-Apr 3 -- Visit to the Quapaw Agency, Wyandotte Reservation and school, Modoc reservation and the town of Miami.

1901, April -- Visit to Denison, Texas. Visit to Checotah, Eufaula, South McAlester (Choctaw nation).

1901, Summer -- Visit to Pawhuska, Osage Nation.

1901, October -- Visit to Tishomingo, seat of government of the Chickasaws.

1902, January -- Trip to the Chickasaw Nation Visit to Anadarko, Indian Agency of the Kiowa, Comanche and Apache, Fort Sill, Wichita Mountains, and Lawton.

1902, May -- Frank is dispatched to Sioux City, Iowa.

1902, May-June -- Visit to Winnebago Agency, Omaha Agency, Santee Agency.

1902, July -- Visit to St. Paul, Minnesota and Eau Claire, Wisconsin, (Chippewa Falls). Frank is sent to Sulphur Springs, Texas, to author a report.

1902, August -- Churchills return to Muskogee, IT.

1902, September-October -- Trip to White Eagle, Ponca Agency for a month. Visit to Otoe school, Pawnee School, Shawnee, Sac and Fox reservations.

1902, November-December -- Visit to Crow Creek Agency.

1903, January -- Return to Sulpher Springs, Texas.

1903, March -- Visit to Pawhuska, Osage Nation.

1903, April -- Visit to Colorado.

1903, May-October -- Visit to 23 towns in Oklahoma (IT) with the Secretary of the Interior.

Travels in New Mexico, Arizona and California, 1903-1905

1903, November -- Frank receives orders to proceed to Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico.

1903, December 9 -- Visit to Zuni, followed by Canyon de Chelly, Hubbell's Ranch, Keams Canyon.

1903, December 21 -- Visit to Hopi Pueblo. Walpi, Polacca Day School, Oraibi, Shumopavi (Shungopavi/Songoopavi), Shipaulovi (Supawlavi) and Mishongnovi (Musungnuvi).

1903, December 28 -- Visit to Fort Defiance.

1904, January -- Travel in New Mexico. Visit to Gallup, Laguna Pueblo, Acomita, Paraje, Acoma, Albuquerque, Isleta Pueblo, Santa Fe, Ohkay Owingeh (San Juan Pueblo), K'apovi (Santa Clara Pueblo).

1904, February -- Visit to Sacaton, Akimel O'odham (Pima) Reservation and Casa Grande ruins in Arizona.

1904, March -- Visit to Lehi Day School, Salt River Day School, Phoenix Indian School, Gila River Crossing Day School and Maricopa Day School, Arizona.

1904, March 10-26 -- Visit to Fort Mojave and Chemehuevi.

1904, March 30-April -- Visit to Riverside, California, Sherman Institute and Perris School. Side trip to Yuma, Arizona.

1905, January-February -- Visit to Sulphur, IT.

1905, March -- Visit to Mescalero Apache Agency, San Carlos Apache Agency, Geronimo Settlement, Rice Station School at Talkalai.

1905, April 10-20 -- Return to Sherman Institute in Riverside, California. Visit to San Jacinto, Perris, Saboba, Cahuilla, San Manuella (Band of Mission Indians), Coachella, Torres Reservation, Martinez Reservation Day School, Cabazon Reservation, Protrero Reservation and Day School.

1905, April 22-May -- Visit to Temecula, Pechanga Day School, Pala Mission, Campo Reservation, Mission of San Luis Rey, Rincon Day School, Mesa Grande School, Santa Ysabel (Diegueno), Volcan Mountain Day School.

Travels in Alaska, 1905

1905, June -- Frank receives an assignment in Alaska.

1905, July -- Board the U.S. Revenue Cutter "Bear" in Nome. Visit to Reindeer Station in Teller, Cape Prince of Wales, Kotzebue Sound, Cape Thompson, Point Hope and Point Barrow.

1905, August -- Visit to Wainwright Inlet, return to Nome. Visit to Anvil Creek, Gologin (Golovin) Bay, St. Lawrence Island, Pribilof Islands (Seal Islands), St. George, Dutch Harbor and Unalaska.

1905, September -- Board the "Dora" anchored near Belkofski, Cold Bay, Karluk, Afgonak, and Kodiak. Stop in Homer, Seldovia and Seward. Visit to Sitka.

1905, September 28 -- Board the steamer "Georgia" to Juneau and Skagway via Hoonah.

1905, October -- Return to Lebanon, NH.

Travels in Arizona, New Mexico, Minnesota, Wisconsin, California and Utah, 1906-1907

1906, March-April -- Re-assigned to Southwest and arrive in Tucson, Arizona. Visit to San Xavier Mission, Tohono O'odham (Papago) reservation, Casa Grande, Sacaton, Maricopa, Gila Crossing, Salt River and Phoenix schools.

1906, May -- Return to New Mexico to visit Gallup and Zuni Day School.

1906, June -- Visit to St, Paul, Minnesota and the White Earth (Ojibwe) reservation and Wild Rice River School in Boliere.

1906, July -- Visit to Ashland, Wisconsin, Lac Courte Oreilles, Hayward, and Lac de Flambeau (La Pointe Agency.

1906, July-September -- Return to Lebanon, New Hampshire.

1906, September -- Visit to Fond du Lac (Winnebago Lake), Wabeno, and Carter, Wisconsin.

1906, October -- Visit to Phlox, Wausau, Minocqua, Star Lake, Bark River and Wausaukee, Wisconsin.

1906, November-December -- Visit to Keshena (Green Bay Indian School), Menominee Reservation and Ashland, Wisconsin.

1906, December-January -- Stay in Washington, DC.

1907, February -- Return to Albuquerque, New Mexico.

1907, March -- Visit to Santa Fe and various Pueblos (Cochiti, Tesuque, San Ildefonso, Ohkay Owingeh [San Juan], Toas and Picuris).

1907, April -- Return to Albuquerque, visit to Pueblos (Isleta, Laguna, Mesita, Acomita, Paraje, Acoma, Seama).

1907, April -- Visit to Phoenix, Arizona (Phoenix Indian School), Fort McDowell and Salt River Day School.

1907, May -- Visit to Sacaton, Maricopa, Casa Grande, and Yuma, Arizona.

1907, June -- Visit to Riverside (Sherman Institute), and Pomona, California.

1907, June-July -- Travel to Salt Lake City, Utah. Visit Panguitch, Orton, Kanab, Escalante and Marysvale, Utah.

1907, July-August -- Return to Arizona. Visit Flagstaff, Tuba Indian School, as well as Hopi Pueblo (Walpi, Moencopi, and Oraibi).

1907, September-October -- Return to Lebanon, NH.

Travels in North Carolina, Montana and Florida, 1907-1909

1907, October 22 -- Assigned to Cherokee, North Carolina, to make a new roll of the Eastern Band of Cherokee.

1907, November -- Arrive in Cherokee, North Caolina.

1908, February -- Visit to Robbinsville and Big Cove

1908, April -- Cherokee council meeting regarding Churchill's new roll.

1908, May -- Completes assignment in North Carolina.

1908, June-September -- Return to Washington, DC and Lebanon, New Hampshire.

1908, September-October -- Trip to Montana. Visit to Browning, Blackfeet Reservation, Harlem, Fort Belknap and Fort Peck.

1908, November -- Visit to Spirit Lake (Devil's Lake) and Wahpeton, and Fort Totten, North Dakota.

1908, December -- Visit to Morris, Minnesota.

1909, January -- Trip to Washington, DC for the inauguration of President Taft.

1909, February -- Visit to Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

1909, March-April -- Trip to Florida. Visit to Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Tampa Bay, St. Petersburg, Gainesville, and St. Augustine.

1909, May -- Visit to Soco Creek and Cherokee, North Carolina.

1909, July -- Return to Lebanon, New Hampshire.

1909, August -- Resignation as Indian Inspector.

Related Materials:: A large collection of Native American cultural objects and archaeology bequeathed by Clara Churchill can still be found at the Hood Museum at Dartmouth College.

Provenance:: Frederick Dockstader, former director of the Museum of the American Indian (MAI), Heye Foundation, illegally removed the majority of the photographs (photo albums, negatives) and manuscript material (journals, reports) from the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College in 1955, before depositing them at the MAI. Those materials were officially gifted to NMAI in 2018 by the Hood Museum. Additional materials from the Churchill collection that remained at the Hood Museum (lantern slides, photographs, scrapbooks, journals) were donated in 2020. These materials have been noted in the finding aid.

Restrictions:: Access to NMAI Archives Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).

Rights:: Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadbast materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.

Topic:: Boarding schools Search this

Genre/Form:: Photographs; Photographic prints; Photograph albums; Negatives (photographic)

Citation:: Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection, NMAI.AC.058, National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:: NMAI.AC.058

See more items in:: Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection

Archival Repository:: National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sv45e31a2d8-afd7-4320-96c7-1f596f51c142

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-058

Online Media:

No Image Available

[Trade catalogs from Gross Chandelier Co.]

Company Name:: Gross Chandelier Co. Search this

Notes content:: OVERSIZE ; Ecclesiastical lighting fixtures

Includes:: Trade catalog; Black and white images

Physical description:: 1 piece; 1 box

Language:: English

Type of material:: Trade catalogs; Trade literature

Place:: St. Louis, Missouri, United States

Date:: 1900s

Topic (Romaine term):: Lighting (electric; gas; candle; oil; etc.) Search this; Religious paraphernalia Search this

Topic:: Candles Search this; Lamps Search this; Lighting Search this; Religious articles Search this; Religious medals Search this; Religious supplies industry Search this

Record ID:: SILNMAHTL_19591

Location:: Trade Literature at the American History Museum Library

Collection:: Smithsonian Libraries Trade Literature Collections

Data source:: Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:SILNMAHTL_19591

No Image Available

[Trade catalogs from Sweeney Automobile & Tractor School]

Company Name:: Sweeney Automobile & Tractor School Search this

Notes content:: OVERSIZE ; School offers practical experience for automobiles and farm machinery.

Includes:: Trade catalog; Black and white images; Color images

Physical description:: 1 piece; 1 box

Language:: English

Type of material:: Trade catalogs; Trade literature

Place:: Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Date:: 1900s

Topic (Romaine term):: Agricultural tools and machinery Search this; Automobiles and automotive equipment (including trucks and buses) Search this; Educational institutions; equipment and supplies (includes playground equipment) Search this; Farm equipment and supplies (including dairy and poultry equipment) Search this

Topic:: "Schools -- Furniture, equipment, etc." Search this; Agricultural implements Search this; Agricultural machinery Search this; Automobiles Search this; Dairying Search this; Farm equipment Search this; Motor vehicles Search this; Playgrounds Search this

Record ID:: SILNMAHTL_24703

Location:: Trade Literature at the American History Museum Library

Collection:: Smithsonian Libraries Trade Literature Collections

Data source:: Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:SILNMAHTL_24703

No Image Available

[Trade catalogs from Hall & Brown Wood-Working Machine Co.]

Variant company name:: Established 1877 ; Incorporated 1888 Search this

Company Name:: Hall & Brown Wood-Working Machine Co. Search this

Notes content:: one item OVERSIZE ; "H. & B." woodworking (or wood-working) machinery.

Includes:: Trade catalog; Black and white images

Physical description:: 5 pieces; 2 boxes

Language:: English

Type of material:: Trade catalogs; Trade literature

Place:: St. Louis, Missouri, United States

Date:: 1900s

Topic (Romaine term):: Woodworking machinery and wood crafts Search this

Topic:: Wood-carving Search this; Woodworking industries Search this; Woodworking machinery Search this; Woodworking tools Search this

Record ID:: SILNMAHTL_18382

Location:: Trade Literature at the American History Museum Library

Collection:: Smithsonian Libraries Trade Literature Collections

Data source:: Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:SILNMAHTL_18382

Albert Pujols

Artist:: Rick Chapman, born 1966 Search this

Sitter:: Albert Pujols, born 16 Jan 1980 Search this

Medium:: Selenium-toned gelatin silver print

Dimensions:: Image/Sheet: 35.7 × 35.6 cm (14 1/16 × 14"); Mount: 54 × 50.8 cm (21 1/4 × 20")

Type:: Photograph

Place:: United States\Missouri\Saint Louis City\Saint Louis

Date:: 2006 (printed 2007)

Topic:: Personal Attribute\Facial Hair\Mustache Search this; Personal Attribute\Facial Hair\Goatee Search this; Albert Pujols: Male Search this; Albert Pujols: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball Search this; Portrait Search this