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Native Americans

Collection Creator:: Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this

Type:: Archival materials

Introduction:: The focus for the 1975 Native Americans program was the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy: the Mohawk, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora, tribal groups whose government had been in effect for hundreds of years and served as a model for our federal system. The Grand Council of the Iroquois Confederacy directly influenced the creation of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution of the U.S. Never before had the Native American Festival presentation been so closely interrelated to American history.

The Grand Council was discussed in workshops in the Learning Center where a history in photographs was on display. Members of the Iroquois are a major force in the lacrosse industry - from creating sticks to providing the athletes. Lacrosse was played in competition in the Native Americans area daily, and lacrosse stick making was part of the craft demonstrations along with silversmithing, wood and bone carving, basketry, and beadwork. Iroquois singing and dancing took place daily. Friday evenings, visitors were invited to participate in social dancing. The friendship dance, round dance, rabbit dance and stomp dance were demonstrated.

Native American food that was demonstrated and sampled included fry bread, corn and sassafras tea. Festival presentations traced the role of maize from crop through harvest; from food preparation in soups and breads, to the use of husks by craftspeople in toys, dolls and ceremonial masks.

In the Learning Center participants from various other Eastern Indian tribes recounted their influence on European settlers, beginning in 1620 when the Wampanoag tribe welcomed the Pilgrims (greeting them in English), provided food for them during the first difficult winter on the New England coast, and then shared the first Thanksgiving. Narragansett representatives spoke about the architectural contributions and history of their people. The Passamaquoddy from Maine, known for their intricate quill work and importance to the early settlers as trappers and fishers, also discussed their role in American history.

Other Native Americans who participated in discussions were from the Shinnecock tribe of Long Island, New York; Indian Mountain Lookout Intertribal Native Americans, New York; the Lumbee, Haliwa and Coharie from North Carolina; Catawba from South Carolina; Tunica-Biloxi of Louisiana; Chippewa of Wisconsin; and Potowatomi of Michigan. These participants were all members of the Coalition of Eastern Native Americans (CENA), an organization whose purpose is to identify and assist in the socio-economic and organizational development of Eastern Native Americans. CENA includes non-reservation, urban and federally recognized tribes and groups.

Lucille Dawson served as program coordinator, assisted by Thomas Kavanagh. The multi-year program was shaped by the Native Americans Advisory Group, including Alfonso Ortiz, Louis Bruce, Dell Hymes, Rayna Green, Clydia Nahwooksy, William Sturtevant, and Barre Toelken.

Participants:: Six Nations, Iroquois participants

Cayuga

Sam Crogan, lacrosse player

Alisa Mike, dancer

Nancy Poodry, bead worker

Bill Printup, lacrosse player

Dean Printup, lacrosse player

Elwood Printup, lacrosse player

Gene Printup, lacrosse player

Elizabeth Silversmith, cook

Mohawk

Mary Adams, basket maker

Mike Adams, basket maker

Elwood Greene, silversmith

David Hill, lacrosse player

Stanley Hill, bone carver

Woody Hill, dancer

Allan Jock, dancer

Marshall Joseph, wood carver

Isabelle Skye, cornhusk worker

Beatrice Thomas, dancer

Russell Thomas, dancer

Margaret Terrence, basket maker

Cam Wilson, bone carver

Marge Wilson, cook

Wanda Wilson, dancer

Oneida

Irving Chrisjohn, cornhusk worker

Mrs. Chrisjohn, cornhusk worker

Onondaga

Paula Babcock, dancer

Kevin Hill, lacrosse player

Martin Jimmerson, dancer

Angie Miller, dancer

Huron Miller, singer, discussant, Buffalo, New York

Barry Powless, dancer

Irving Powless, Sr., 1906-1985, discussant

Irving Powless, Jr., discussant

Nancy Powless, dancer

Jacob Skye, dancer

Perry Williams, dancer

Debbie Williams, dancer

Ruby Williams, dancer

Guy Williams, dancer

Tim Williams, dancer

Seneca

Herbert Buck, singer

Lydia Buck, dancer

Sadie Buck, dancer

Herb Dowdy, 1919-1990, singer

Fidelia George, dancer

Helen Harris, dancer

Linda Harris, dancer

Steve Harris, dancer

Elijah Harris, dancer

Diosa Hill, dancer

Marty Jamerson, dancer

Darwin John, dancer

Edith John, cook

Coleen Johnny John, dancer

Kevin Johnny John, dancer

Mike Johnny John, dancer

Richard Johnny John, singer

Vera Miller, cook, bead worker

Ken Poodry, cradleboard maker

Eddie Scott, dancer

Elmer Shongo, 1929-1985, dancer, cook

Corbett Sundown, 1909-1992, discussant

Lloyd Thomas, 1946-, dancer

Marlene Thomas, dancer

Hazel Thompson, dancer

Phillip Thompson, dancer

Tuscarora

Joe Chrysler, lacrosse player

Orzey Cusick, lacrosse stick maker

Emma Greene, cook

Alvis Hewitt, 1931-1999, cook manager

Rick Hill, discussant

Nina Jacobs, dancer

Phillip Jacobs, lacrosse player

Bob Patterson, lacrosse player

Kevin Patterson, lacrosse stick maker

John Patterson, lacrosse stick maker

Helen Printup, cook

Mary Rickard, lacrosse stick maker

Ellene Rickard, lacrosse stick maker

Noreen Shongo, cook

Ron Smith, lacrosse player

Wilmer Wilson, 1925-2002, discussant

Coalition of Eastern Native Americans Participants

Aroostook Association

Terry Polchies, discussant

Catawba

Roger Trimnal, discussant

Chippewa

Delores Bainbridge, discussant

Elizabeth Cadotte, discussant

Haliwa

Linda Lynch, discussant

Archibald Lynch, discussant

Hassanamisco

Louise Wilcox, discussant

Indian Mountain Lookout Inter-Tribal Native Americans

Asenith D. Vogt, discussant

Lumbee

Arlene Locklear, 1952-1979, discussant

June Sampson, discussant

W.J. Strickland, discussant

Micmac

Tom Battiste

Mohegan

Virginia Daamon, discussant

Narragansett

Alberta Wilcox, discussant

Mary Brown, discussant

Potawatomi

Joe Winchester, discussant

Leroy Wesaw, 1925-1994, discussant

Shinnecock

Eva Smith, discussant

Alice Franklin, discussant

Tunica Biloxi

Rose Marie Pierite, 1900-1987

Wampanoag

Komi Oweant Haynes, 1958-, discussant

Collection Restrictions:: Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.

Collection Rights:: Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.

Collection Citation:: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1975 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:: CFCH.SFF.1975, Series 6

See more items in:: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1975 Festival of American Folklife

Archival Repository:: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bk512b5c4dc-6be5-47cb-809b-74a908534241

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1975-ref549

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1968 Festival of American Folklife

Creator:: Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this

Names:: Smithsonian Folklife Festival Search this

Extent:: 1 Cubic foot (approximate)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Video recordings; Photographic prints; Notes; Audiocassettes; Digital images; Business records; Sound recordings; Negatives; Videotapes; Plans (drawings); Slides (photographs); Correspondence; Contracts; Audiotapes; Memorandums

Date:: July 3-7, 1968

Summary:: The Smithsonian Institution Festival of American Folklife, held annually since 1967 on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., was renamed the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in 1998. The materials collected here document the planning, production, and execution of the annual Festival, produced by the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage (1999-present) and its predecessor offices (1967-1999). An overview of the entire Festival records group is available here: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records.

Scope and Contents note:: This collection documents the planning, production, and execution of the 1968 Festival of American Folklife. Materials may include photographs, audio recordings, motion picture film and video recordings, notes, production drawings, contracts, memoranda, correspondence, informational materials, publications, and ephemera. Such materials were created during the Festival on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., as well as in the featured communities, before or after the Festival itself.

Arrangement note:: Arranged in 4 series.

Series 1: Program Books, Festival Publications, and Ephemera

Series 2: Crafts

Series 3: Performances

Series 4: Texas

Historical note:: The Festival of American Folklife, held annually since 1967 on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., was renamed the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in 1998.

The 1968 Festival of American Folklife was produced by the Smithsonian Division of Performing Arts.

For more information, see Smithsonian Folklife Festival records.

Introduction:: After the 1967 Festival proved to be a great success, the Smithsonian decided that the Festival of American Folklife would become an annual event. The 1968 Festival took place July 3-7 on the National Mall, between Madison Drive and Jefferson Drive and between 10th Street and 14th Street, south of the Museum of History and Technology and the Museum of Natural History (see site map). It followed the same approach that had proven effective in 1967, but innovated by also including a program focused on a single State, Texas.

As in 1967, the Festival was organized by the Division of Performing Arts, James R. Morris, Director, and directed by Festival Director Ralph C. Rinzler.

The 1968 Program Book included information to complement each of the programs, ranging from discussions of the definitions of folklore and folklife to the relations between folklife and cultural history. Smithsonian Secretary S. Dillon Ripley, in his introduction to the booklet, noted that:

The Festival of American Folklife offers the Smithsonian Institution an opportunity to show through demonstration and performance some aspects of the cultural roots of the people of the United States. The Festival is a living exhibition of the creativity of the many ethnic groups that make up the culture of this country.

After the 1967 Festival proved to be a great success, the Smithsonian decided that the Festival of American Folklife would become an annual event. The 1968 Festival took place July 3-7 on the National Mall, between Madison Drive and Jefferson Drive and between 10th Street and 14th Street, south of the Museum of History and Technology and the Museum of Natural History (see site map). It followed the same approach that had proven effective in 1967, but innovated by also including a program focused on a single State, Texas.

As in 1967, the Festival was organized by the Division of Performing Arts, James R. Morris, Director, and directed by Festival Director Ralph C. Rinzler.

Crafts

Performances

Texas

The 1968 Program Book included information to complement each of the programs, ranging from discussions of the definitions of folklore and folklife to the relations between folklife and cultural history. Smithsonian Secretary S. Dillon Ripley, in his introduction to the booklet, noted that:

The Festival of American Folklife offers the Smithsonian Institution an opportunity to show through demonstration and performance some aspects of the cultural roots of the people of the United States. The Festival is a living exhibition of the creativity of the many ethnic groups that make up the culture of this country.

Festival speakers and consultants:: Bruce Jackson, 1936-, New York

Guthrie (Gus) Meade, 1932-1991, Washington D.C.

Mack McCormick, Texas

Robert Messinger, New York

Sandy Paton, Connecticut

Caroline Paton, Connecticut

Jean Ritchie, New York

Mike Seeger, 1933-2009, Washington, D.C.

Dick Waterman, Massachusetts

Shared Stewardship of Collections:: The Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage acknowledges and respects the right of artists, performers, Folklife Festival participants, community-based scholars, and knowledge-keepers to collaboratively steward representations of themselves and their intangible cultural heritage in media produced, curated, and distributed by the Center. Making this collection accessible to the public is an ongoing process grounded in the Center's commitment to connecting living people and cultures to the materials this collection represents. To view the Center's full shared stewardship policy, which defines our protocols for addressing collections-related inquiries and concerns, please visit https://doi.org/10.25573/data.21771155.

Forms Part Of:: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1968 Festival of American Folklife forms part of the Smithsonian Folklife Festival records .

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: Papers

1967 Festival of American Folklife records - [Ongoing]

Related Archival Materials note:: Within the Rinzler Archives, related materials may be found in various collections such as the Ralph Rinzler papers and recordings, the Lily Spandorf drawings, the Diana Davies photographs, the Robert Yellin photographs, and the Curatorial Research, Programs, and Projects collection. Additional relevant materials may also be found in the Smithsonian Institution Archives concerning the Division of Performing Arts (1966-1983), Folklife Program (1977-1980), Office of Folklife Programs (1980-1991), Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies (1991-1999), Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage (1999-present), and collaborating Smithsonian units, as well as in the administrative papers of key figures such as the Secretary and respective deputies. Users are encouraged to consult relevant finding aids and to contact Archives staff for further information.

Restrictions:: Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.

Rights:: Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.

Topic:: World music Search this; Folklore Search this; Food habits Search this; Folk music Search this; Folk festivals Search this; arts and crafts Search this; Folk art Search this

Genre/Form:: Video recordings; Photographic prints; Notes; Audiocassettes; Digital images; Business records; Sound recordings; Negatives; Videotapes; Plans (drawings); Slides (photographs); Correspondence; Contracts; Audiotapes; Memorandums

Citation:: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1968 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections , Smithsonian Institution.