Search Results

Collection Creator:

Knez, Eugene I. (Eugene Irving), 1916-2010  Search this

Container:

Box 46

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Restrictions:

The Eugene Irving Knez papers are open for research.

Access to the Eugene Irving Knez papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Eugene Irving Knez papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

Eugene Irving Knez papers

Eugene Irving Knez papers / Series 5: RESEARCH GRANTS

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3237b552b-ab62-4671-b0b2-53396a25ecd4

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-1980-22-ref784

Creator:

Watson, Virginia  Search this

Watson, James B. (James Bennett), 1918-2009  Search this

Extent:

52.5 Linear feet (123 boxes)

47 Sound recordings

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Sound recordings

Correspondence

Books

Programs

Field notes

Maps

Punched cards

Journals (periodicals)

Grant proposals

Photographs

Articles

Lecture notes

Place:

Papua New Guinea

Brazil

Mato Grosso (Brazil : State)

Papua New Guinea -- Social life and customs

Date:

1904-1998

bulk 1933-1987

Summary:

This collection contains the professional papers of cultural anthropologist James B. Watson, and documents his fieldwork in Papua New Guinea, Brazil, and Del Norte, Co., as well as his teaching career at the University of Washington. Included are field notes, lecture notes, correspondence, maps, photographs, books, articles, journals, grant proposals, surveys, data punch cards, conference materials, and sound recordings.

Scope and Contents:

This collection is comprised of the professional papers of James B. Watson, the bulk of which relate to his research and academic work on the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. The series are Research, Writings, Correspondence, Professional Activities, University Files, Biographical Files, Maps, Photographs, and Sound Recordings.

The Research series contains Watson's research on Hopi food classification systems in Arizona, Cayua acculturation in Brazil, social stratification between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking residents of Del Norte, Co., numerous research projects in Papua New Guinea, and gift exchange theories.

The Arizona, Hopi Food Classification Systems subseries consists of his research among the Hopi in Arizona, primarily on their food classication systems. Included are field notes and reports.

The Mato Grosso, Brazil and Cayua Acculturation subseries consists of research materials conducted while Watson was working as an assistant professor in Sao Paulo. Included are field notes, bibliographies, a journal, and a language notebook primarily regarding his research on culture change among the Cayua.

The Del Norte, Colorado Surveys subseries contains material related to research conducted in the summers of 1949 and 1950 as part of a study on social stratification between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking residents of Del Norte. Included are datasets from several community surveys on education, occupations, business, and cultural attitudes, along with research notes and background materials.

The Papua New Guinea subseries consists of research materials on the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Included are field notes, language materials, bibliographies, grant documents and research proposals, genealogy data, long reports and patrol reports, data punch cards, and TAT (thematic apperception test) protocols. There is material from several research projects including the Committee on New Guinea Studies (CONGS), the Kainantu Blood Group Study, and the New Guinea Religions Project. Watson's wife, Virginia Drew Watson, also has research material in this series. Language documentation include lexicons and notes about Agarabi, Auyana, Awa, Tairora, Gadsup, and Tok Pisin.

The subsubseries Micro-evolution Studies Project (MES) consists of related Papua New Guinea research as part of this multi-year project. Material included is correspondence, financial documents, memorandums and planning documents, grant proposals, language files, and work papers.

The Gift Exchange Theories subseries consists of Watson's research on gift exchange theories, primarily as they relate to small autonomous peoples. The material consists of research notes, paper ideas, bibliographies, and grant applications.

The Other Research subseries consists of papers and research that are not easily catagorized. Included are subject files on perception, notes and critiques of Marshal Sahlins's Stone Age Economics, and a research project by Watson studying innovation in high school social studies curriculum.

The Writings series primarily consists of journal articles produced over the duration of his career. Included are research notes, drafts, and some correspondence. A print copy is included where possible. There is significant material related to his book Tairora Culture, including chapter drafts, outlines, and reader comments. The writings by others are primarily annotated copies of articles, rare and small print-run items, or manuscripts by others sent to Watson for comment.

The Correspondence series contains professional and personal correspondence with Watson's colleagues and contemporaries in the field, including J. David Cole, Terence Hays, Paula Brown-Glick, Richard Lieban, Howard P. McKaughan, Harold Nelson, Kerry Pataki-Schweizer, Kenneth E. Read, Sterling Robbins, and Roy Wagner. Topics include his academic career, student dissertations, research grants and fellowships, and research related to Papua New Guinea, and in particular the Micro-evolution Studies project.

The Professional Activities series primarily consists of conference notes, papers, presentations, and symposium documents. Included are materials for the American Anthropological Association, the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania, the Pacific Sciences Conference, as well as symposiums held at the East-West Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. Some of the files are related to specific symposiums Watson attended or helped to organize, the bulk of which are related to Papua New Guinea. Also included are Watson's lecture notes, and materials related to the United Nations West Irian Development Plan

The University Files series contains material related to Watson's academic career. The bulk of the files are course materials from the classes he taught at the Univesity of Washington, which include lecture notes, syllabi, exams, and student papers. Other materials includes student dissertation files and some of Watson's course work from the University of Chicago.

The Biographical Files series includes numerous editions of his curriculum vitae and bibliographies.

The Maps series contains maps used in Watson's research, which includes Brazil; Del Norte, Co.; and Papua New Guinea. The bulk are maps of Papua New Guinea, and include published maps, annotated maps, hand-drawn maps, patrol reports, and linguistic maps.

The Photographs series contains photographs of Watson's fieldwork and professional career. The bulk of his fieldwork photographs are from Del Norte, Co. and Papua New Guinea. The Del Norte photographs include aerial images along with photographs of residents, houses, and cultural activities. The photographs from Papua New Guinea include images of a taro garden, a woman before and at her marriage ceremony, and images of tools found at an excavation site near the Wahgi Valley.

The sound recordings contain seven identified recordings made in the Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands, Kainantu District during James and Virginia Watson's first trip, 1954-1955. Also included are 31 recordings of lectures and classes by James Watson and others, two recordings of popular music, and six reels recorded at the Pacific Science Congress in Tokyo in 1966. The remaining 23 uncataloged recordings are unidentified or partially identified.

Please see individual series descriptions in the finding aid for additional information.

Arrangement note:

This collection is arranged in 9 series:

Series1: Research, 1933-1993

Series 2: Writings, 1904-1995

Series 3: Correspondence, 1933-1994

Series 4: Professional Activities, 1944-1998

Series 5: University Files, 1939-1991

Series 6: Biographical Files, 1941-1991

Series 7: Maps, circa 1920s-1970

Series 8: Photographs, circa 1942-1977

Series 9: Sound Recordings, 1954-1984

Biographical/Historical note:

James B. Watson (1918-2009) was a cultural anthropologist and university professor. He is primarily known for his ethnographic studies of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, with a concentration on acculturation. He taught at the University of Washington, was the prinicipal investigator for the Micro-evolution Studies project (MES), and the author of numerous journal articles and books.

Watson was born in Chicago, Ill., and raised in Bangor, Maine. He studied anthropology at the University of Chicago, earning his B.A. in 1941; his M.A. in 1945; and his Ph.D. in 1948. Fred Eggan acted as his advisor while he was pursuing his doctorate. He began his teaching career as an assistant professor at the Escala Livre de Sociologia e Politica, Sao Paulo (1944-1945); Beloit College (1945-1946); University of Oklahoma (1946-1947); and as an associate professor at Washington University in St. Louis (1947-1955). He then became a full professor of anthropology at the University of Washington (1955-1987), where he spent the majority of his career.

His ethnographic research began with his fieldwork among the Hopi in Arizona in 1942. He researched Hopi food classification systems, which would become the subject of his master's thesis. Watson would next study the effects of acculturation among the Cayua people in Mato Grosso, Brazil in 1943-1945. This research would become the basis of his dissertation, later to be published as Cayua Culture Change: A Study in Acculturation and Methodology. His wife, anthropologist Virginia Drew Watson, accompanied him and conducted her own research. While at Washington University, he directed fieldwork in the summers of 1949 and 1950 in Del Norte, Co., conducting several community surveys on education, occupations, business, and cultural attitudes. These surveys were part of a larger study on social stratification between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking residents of Del Norte.

Watson is most noted for his work in the Papua New Guinea Highlands, where he was one of the first generation of Highland ethnographers. Along with Virginia Drew Watson, he studied the Kainantu peoples of the Eastern Highlands including the Tairora, the Gadsup, the Auyana, and the Awa. He was involved in several research projects, including the Committee on New Guinea Studies (CONGS), The Kainantu Blood Group Study, and the New Guinea Religions Project.

He was also the principal investigator for the Micro-evolution Studies project (1959-1968) where he directed a team of researchers examining the interconnections of the Kainantu peoples from the perspectives of ethnography, linguistics, archaeology, and physical anthropology. Other MES researchers include Kenneth E. Read, Robert A. Littlewood, Howard McKaughan, Kerry J. Pataki-Schweizer, and Sterling Robbins. This research on Papua New Guinea is best described in his book Tairora Culture: Contingency and Pragmatism (1983).

He was professionally active, attending and organizing sessions at annual meetings for the American Anthropological Association (AAA) and the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania (ASAO). He also organized symposiums at the East-West Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. Additionally, he served as a consultant to the United Nations on their West Irian Development Plan in 1967. Watson retired from teaching in 1987, but continued to publish and remain involved in AAA and ASAO. He died in 2009.

Sources Consulted: 1999 Westermark, George. ASAO Honorary Fellow: James B. Watson. Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania Newsletter 104: 21

Chronology

1918 -- Born on August 10 in Chicago, Illinois

1941 -- B.A. in anthropology, University of Chicago Lecturer, University of Chicago

1941-1942 -- Fieldwork: Hopi

1943 -- Married Virgina Drew Fieldwork: Mato Grosso, Brazil

1943-1945 -- Fieldwork: Brazil

1944-1945 -- Assistant Professor, Escala Livre de Sociologia e Politica, Sao Paulo, Brazil

1945 -- M.A. in anthropology, University of Chicago

1945-1946 -- Assistant Professor, Beloit College

1946-1947 -- Assistant Professor, University of Oklahoma

1947-1955 -- Associate Professor, Washington University in St. Louis

1948 -- Ph.D. in anthropology, University of Chicago

1949-1950 -- Director, Washington University summer field project

1949-1950 -- Fieldwork: Del Norte, Colorado

1953-1955 -- Fieldwork: Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea

1955-1987 -- Professor of Anthropology, University of Washington

1959 -- Fieldwork: Papua New Guinea and Netherlands New Guinea

1959-1968 -- Principal Investigator, New Guinea Micro-evolution Studies Project

1963-1964 -- Fieldwork: Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea

1966-1967 -- Senior Specialist, Institute of Advanced Projects, East-West Center

1967 -- Consultant for United Nations Development Programme, West Irian

1967 -- Fieldwork: West Irian (Indonesia)

1987 -- Retired from teaching at University of Washington

2009 -- Died on November 12

Related Materials:

The National Anthropological Archives also holds the papers of Virginia D. Watson.

Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD holds the Micro-evolution Project Papers, MSS 436.

Provenance:

These papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by James Watson's daughter, Anne Watson, in 2003.

Restrictions:

Some research proposals not authored by Watson are restricted until 2083.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this

Ethnology -- Brazil  Search this

Ethnology -- Papua New Guinea  Search this

Genre/Form:

Sound recordings

Correspondence

Books

Programs

Field notes

Maps

Punched cards

Journals (periodicals)

Grant Proposals

Photographs

Articles

Lecture notes

Citation:

James B. Watson papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Digitization and preparation of these materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund

Identifier:

NAA.2003-15

See more items in:

James B. Watson papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw38438ad62-76b4-45df-a007-4c924a4af960

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-2003-15

Creator:

Smithsonian Provenance Research Initiative  Search this

Subject:

Milosch, Jane  Search this

Smithsonian Institution Office of the Under Secretary for Museums, Education, and Research/Provost  Search this

Smithsonian Institution Office of the Under Secretary for History, Art, and Culture  Search this

Renwick Gallery  Search this

International Schwabing Art Trove Task Force Advisory Group  Search this

German/American Provenance Research Exchange Program  Search this

Physical description:

13 cu. ft. (13 record storage boxes)

Type:

Manuscripts

Collection descriptions

Brochures

Newsletters

Clippings

Compact discs

Electronic records

Floppy disks

Digital versatile discs

Posters

Date:

1953

1953-1954

1953-1954, 1985-1986, 1988, 2000-2019

Topic:

Art museum curators  Search this

International cooperation  Search this

Art--Provenance  Search this

World War, 1939-1945  Search this

Art museums  Search this

Museums--Public relations  Search this

Congresses and conventions  Search this

Professional associations  Search this

Strategic planning  Search this

Research grants  Search this

Fund raising  Search this

Contracts  Search this

Workshops  Search this

Committees  Search this

Meetings  Search this

Museum exhibits  Search this

Web sites  Search this

Budget  Search this

Local number:

SIA Acc. 22-102

Restrictions & Rights:

Restricted for 15 years, until Jan-01-2035; Transferring office; 6/29/2022 memorandum, Johnstone to Carroll; Contact reference staff for details

See more items in:

Director's Records 1953-1954, 1985-1986, 1988, 2000-2019 [Smithsonian Provenance Research Initiative]

Data Source:

Smithsonian Institution Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_arc_404756

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution Office of International Relations  Search this

Subject:

Smithsonian Institution Directorate of International Activities  Search this

Smithsonian Institution Office of International Activities  Search this

Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program  Search this

Exchange Visitor Program (U.S.)  Search this

Physical description:

48.75 cu. ft. unprocessed holdings

Type:

Manuscripts

Clippings

Drawings

Books

Color photographs

Black-and-white photographs

Floor plans

Brochures

Videotapes

Compact discs

Electronic records

Black-and-white negatives

Electronic mail

Floppy disks

Date:

1954

1954-2023

1954-2019, 2022-2023

Topic:

Budget process  Search this

Budget  Search this

International relations  Search this

Contracts  Search this

Environmental responsibility  Search this

Speeches, addresses, etc  Search this

Committees  Search this

Workshops  Search this

Research grants  Search this

Local number:

SIA RS01498

Restrictions & Rights:

Materials less than 15 years old Restricted. Records may contain personally identifiable information (PII) that is permanently restricted. Contact reference staff for details

See more items in:

Administrative Records 1954-2019, 2022-2023 [Smithsonian Institution Office of International Relations]

Data Source:

Smithsonian Institution Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_arc_287184

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution Office of the Secretary  Search this

Uniform title:

Smithsonian Directives (Administrative issuances)  Search this

Subject:

Langley, S. P (Samuel Pierpont) 1834-1906  Search this

Henry, Joseph 1797-1878  Search this

Abbot, C. G (Charles Greeley) 1872-1973  Search this

Adams, Robert McC (Robert McCormick) 1926-2018  Search this

Carmichael, Leonard 1898-1973  Search this

Heyman, Ira Michael 1930-2011  Search this

Walcott, Charles D (Charles Doolittle) 1850-1927  Search this

Wetmore, Alexander 1886-1978  Search this

Baird, Spencer Fullerton 1823-1887  Search this

Ripley, S. Dillon (Sidney Dillon) 1913-2001  Search this

Small, Lawrence M  Search this

Clough, G. Wayne  Search this

Samper, Cristián  Search this

Horvath, Albert G  Search this

Skorton, David J  Search this

Bunch, Lonnie G  Search this

Smithsonian Institution Administration  Search this

Smithsonian Institution Board of Regents  Search this

Smithsonian Institution  Search this

United States Congress  Search this

Physical description:

846.85 cu. ft. processed holdings

544.48 cu. ft. unprocessed holdings

Type:

Ephemera

Floor plans

Clippings

Black-and-white photographs

Brochures

Color photographs

Manuscripts

Pamphlets

Sketches

Video recordings

Compact discs

Drawings

Videotapes

Illustrations

Color negatives

Color transparencies

Audiotapes

Floppy disks

Electronic records

Electronic mail

Books

Architectural drawings

Digital versatile discs

Digital images

Newspapers

Date:

1835

1835-2020

Topic:

Museums--Administration  Search this

Budget  Search this

Personnel management  Search this

Smithsonian buildings  Search this

Museum buildings  Search this

Museum exhibits  Search this

Museums--Collection management  Search this

Information technology  Search this

Committees  Search this

Gifts  Search this

Congresses and conventions  Search this

Strategic planning  Search this

Museums--Public relations  Search this

Museum finance  Search this

Museum publications  Search this

Real property  Search this

Estates (Law)  Search this

Contracts  Search this

Product management  Search this

Speeches, addresses, etc  Search this

Fund raising  Search this

Trusts and trustees  Search this

Research grants  Search this

Museums--Employees  Search this

Research  Search this

Awards  Search this

Tours  Search this

Corporate sponsorship  Search this

Special events  Search this

Wills  Search this

Local number:

SIA RS00771

Restrictions & Rights:

Materials less than 15 years old Restricted. Contact reference staff for details

See more items in:

Administrative Records 1835-2020 [Smithsonian Institution Office of the Secretary]

Data Source:

Smithsonian Institution Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_arc_220180

Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

86 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1895-2001

bulk 1898-1951

Scope and Contents:

The Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs, circa 1895-2001 (bulk 1898-1951) primarily relate to Curtis's work on his opus, the North American Indian (NAI), although other subjects are documented as well. The papers relate closely to the Edward S. Curtis papers at the University of Washington Libraries Special Collections (UW), as that collection was donated by Curtis's daughter Florence Graybill and appears to be part of the same body of materials that was maintained by Curtis, and after his death, by Florence. Occasionally a correspondence exchange or manuscript draft is divided between the National Anthropological Archives and UW. Also found in both collections are notes, mostly dated 1951, in Curtis's handwriting on slips of paper or the document itself that gives an explanation of the document.

The collection includes correspondence, research notes, NAI files and promotional material, writings and memoirs, a small amount of material relating to a complaint regarding his reporting in NAI of certain Pueblo ceremonies, and correspondence and other documents relating to his gold mining interests. Also included are papers of Florence Graybill, who published on Curtis after his death and maintained contacts with various individuals and entities involved in Curtis exhibits, publications, and sales.

The correspondence exchanges are almost exclusively NAI related and document the relationships Curtis had with various influential people, including Gifford Pinchot, Joseph Blethen, Jacob Riis, William Farabee, Smithsonian scholars Frederick Webb Hodge and Matilda Coxe Stevenson, and the immediate and extended family of Theodore Roosevelt. Included are letters of introduction for Curtis as he sought to promote his work.

The research notes consist of a small mixture of writings on field experiences as well as maps used during his fieldwork (the bulk of Curtis's fieldnotes and NAI manuscripts are at the Seaver Center in the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History). The NAI files chiefly contain material promoting the work, such as published reviews, articles, and ephemera, but there are a few North American Indian Inc. business records (the bulk of the business records are maintained at the Pierpont Morgan Library). Of note is a lengthy annual report for the North American Indian, Inc., in which Curtis explains difficulties encountered in the fieldwork and volume publication. Related to his NAI work are letters and other materials documenting a 1934 complaint from Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior on Curtis's reporting of certain Pueblo ceremonies, as well as Curtis's response.

The writings comprise manuscript drafts on various topics. Most are short, stand-alone stories relating to his NAI work, often relaying a story about his own experiences. Similar stories can be found in Florence Graybill's papers, as she published some of them after his death. Also part of the writings are drafts for several chapters of Curtis's unpublished memoir, "As it Was."

Curtis's interest in gold mining is represented in correspondence and other material dating from 1938-1950. Most of the letters are between Curtis and his son Harold. Curtis's invention of a concentrator for separating fine gold from placer tailings is also documented in photographs and drawings.

Florence Graybill's papers pertain to writings, talks, and projects relating to Curtis after his death. Included are publication files for Graybill's biography of Curtis written with Victor Boesen, Visions of a Vanishing Race, as well as other of her articles and book reviews. Graybill's correspondence reveals her commitment to assist scholars and others interested in researching and exhibiting Curtis material, as well as her communication with individuals having a commercial interest in Curtis. Also present are Graybill's lecture notes for talks given, and articles and newspaper features on Curtis written by others.

The photographs in this collection primarily relate to Curtis's NAI work (1898-1927) and are a mix of original and working copy negatives, prints, and transparencies. The original negatives are remarkable in that they reveal some of Curtis's working methods in crafting his images through pencil and other enhancements, as well as showing removal of unwanted items from the image. Also of note are two original logbooks used for recording negatives from approximately 1895-1916. The majority of the prints appear to be silver gelatin prints made for reference; however, there are a fair number of platinum prints as well as several blue-toned silver prints in the collection. There are only a few cyanotypes.

Among the photographs is a deerskin-bound photograph album containing Harriman Alaska Expedition and NAI photographs, representing some of Curtis's earliest Native American subjects. These include images of people from the Puget Sound area as well as from his 1900 trip to the Blackfoot reservation. There are no annotations in the album; however, tucked among the pages are a few small notes of identification in Curtis's handwriting.

Photographs documenting other subjects are also present to a lesser degree. Among these are photographs of Curtis's Seattle photography studio, a 1915 Grand Canyon trip, hop field workers in the Puget Sound area, and Curtis's illustrations for Marah Ryan's book Flute of the Gods. Additionally, the collection contains a number of photographs of Curtis, his children, and portraits of various individuals including Theodore Roosevelt and actor Anna May Wong.

Arrangement:

The Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs are arranged into the following 10 series:

Series 1: Biographical information, 1919-1952

Series 2: Correspondence, 1904-1951

Series 3: Research notes, 1900-1930, undated

Series 4: North American Indian, circa 1906-1920

Series 5: Writings, 1906, 1948, undated

Series 6: Complaint regarding Curtis's reporting of Pueblo ceremonies, 1924-1935

Series 7: Gold mining, 1938-1950

Series 8. Florence Curtis Graybill papers, 1948-2001

Series 9: Photographs, circa 1896-1927

Series 10: Duplicate material, undated

Biographical / Historical:

Edward Sherriff Curtis (1868-1952) was an American photographer famous for his photographs of the indigenous peoples of North America. His work was highly influential in shaping a sympathetic yet romantic view of cultures that he and many others believed to be "vanishing." Over the course of 30 years, Curtis visited more than 80 Native American communities and published his photographs and ethnographies in the twenty-volume North American Indian (NAI) (1907-1930).

Curtis was born in Whitewater, Wisconsin, to Ellen and Johnson Curtis in 1868. In about 1874, his family moved to a farm in Cordova, Minnesota. At a young age, Curtis built a camera, and it is possible that he may have worked in a Minneapolis photography studio for a time. In 1887, Curtis and his father moved West and settled on a plot near what is now Port Orchard, Washington, with the rest of the family joining them the following year. When Johnson Curtis died within a month of the family's arrival, 20-year-old Curtis became the head of the family.

In 1891, Curtis moved to Seattle and bought into a photo studio with Rasmus Rothi. Less than a year later, he and Thomas Guptill formed "Curtis and Guptill, Photographers and Photoengravers." The endeavor became a premier portrait studio for Seattle society and found success in photoengraving for many local publications. In 1892, Curtis married Clara Phillips (1874-1932) and in 1893 their son Harold was born (1893-1988), followed by Elizabeth (Beth) (1896-1973), Florence (1899-1987) and Katherine (Billy) (1909-?). Around 1895, Curtis made his first photographs of local Native people, including the daughter of Duwamish chief Seattle: Kickisomlo or "Princess Angeline." Curtis submitted a series of his Native American photographs to the National Photographic Convention, and received an award in the category of "genre studies" for Homeward (later published in volume 9 of the NAI). In 1896, the entire Curtis family moved to Seattle, which included Curtis's mother, his siblings Eva and Asahel, Clara's sisters Susie and Nellie Phillips, and their cousin William Phillips. Most of the household worked in Curtis's studio along with other employees. Curtis became sole proprietor of the studio in 1897, which remained a popular portrait studio but also sold his scenic landscapes and views of the Seattle Area. Curtis also sent his brother Asahel to Alaska and the Yukon to photograph the Klondike Gold Rush, and sold those views as well. Asahel went on to become a well-known photographer in his own right, primarily working in the American Northwest.

Curtis was an avid outdoorsman and joined the Mazamas Club after his first of many climbs of Mount Rainier. On a climb in 1898, Curtis evidently met a group of scientists, including C. Hart Merriam, George Bird Grinnell, and Gifford Pinchot, who had lost their way on the mountain, and led them to safety. This encounter led to an invitation from Merriam for Curtis to accompany a group of over 30 well-known scientists, naturalists, and artists as the official photographer on a maritime expedition to the Alaskan coast. Funded by railroad magnate Edward Harriman, the Harriman Alaska Expedition left Seattle in May of 1899, and returned at the end of July. Curtis made around 5000 photographs during the trip, including photographs of the indigenous peoples they met as well as views of mountains, glaciers, and other natural features. Many of the photographs appeared in the expedition's 14 published volumes of their findings.

In 1900, Curtis accompanied Grinnell to Montana for a Blackfoot Sundance. Here, Curtis made numerous photographs and became interested in the idea of a larger project to document the Native peoples of North America. Almost immediately upon returning from the Sundance, Curtis set off for the Southwest to photograph Puebloan communities. By 1904, Curtis had already held at least one exhibit of his "Indian pictures" and his project to "form a comprehensive and permanent record of all the important tribes of the United States and Alaska that still retain to a considerable degree their primitive customs and traditions" (General Introduction, the NAI) had taken shape and already received some press coverage. With his fieldwork now increasing his absences from home, Curtis hired Adolph Muhr, former assistant to Omaha photographer Frank Rinehart, to help manage the Seattle studio.

In 1904, Curtis was a winner in the Ladies Home Journal "Prettiest Children In America" portrait contest. His photograph of Marie Fischer was selected as one of 112 that would be published and Fischer was one of 12 children selected from the photographs who would have their portrait painted by Walter Russell. Russell and Curtis made an acquaintance while Russell was in Seattle to paint Fischer's portrait, and not long afterwards, Russell contacted Curtis to make photographic studies of Theodore Roosevelt's children for portraits he would paint. Curtis subsequently photographed the entire Roosevelt family, and developed a social connection with the President. Several important outcomes came of this new friendship, including Roosevelt eventually writing the foreword to the NAI, as well as making introductions to influential people.

Key among these introductions was one to wealthy financier John Pierpont Morgan, in 1906. After a brief meeting with Curtis during which he viewed several of Curtis's photographs of Native Americans, Morgan agreed to finance the fieldwork for the NAI project for five years, at $15,000.00 per year. It was up to Curtis to cover publishing and promotion costs, with the publication being sold as a subscription. In return, Morgan would receive 25 sets of the 20-volume publication. The ambitious publication plan outlined 20 volumes of ethnological text, each to be illustrated with 75 photogravure prints made from acid-etched copper plates. Each volume would be accompanied by a companion portfolio of 35 large photogravures. With high-quality papers and fine binding, a set would cost $3000.00. 500 sets were planned. Under Morgan, the North American Indian, Inc. formed as body to administer the monies. Also around this time, Frederick Webb Hodge, Director of the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of American Ethnology, agreed to edit the publications.

Curtis then began more systematic fieldwork, accompanied by a team of research assistants and Native interpreters. In 1906, Curtis hired William E. Myers, a former journalist, as a field assistant and stenographer. Over the years, Myers became the lead researcher on the project, making enormous contributions in collecting data and possibly doing the bulk of the writing for the first 18 volumes. Upon meeting a new community, Curtis and his team would work on gathering data dealing with all aspects of the community's life, including language, social and political organization, religion, food ways, measures and values, and many other topics. (See box 2 folder 1 in this collection for Curtis's list of topics.) Curtis and his assistants, especially Myers, brought books and papers to the field relating to the tribes they were currently concerned with, and often wrote from the field to anthropologists at the Bureau of American Ethnology and other institutions for information or publications. In addition to fieldnotes and photographs, the team also employed sound recording equipment, making thousands of recordings on wax cylinders. Curtis also often brought a motion picture camera, although few of his films have survived.

The first volume of the NAI was published towards the end of 1907. Already, Curtis was encountering difficulty in finding subscribers to the publication despite great praise in the press and among those who could afford the volumes. Curtis spent progressively more of his time outside the field season promoting the project through lectures and in 1911, presenting his "Picture Musicale"—a lecture illustrated with lantern slides and accompanied by an original musical score—in major cities. After the initial five funded years, only eight of the twenty volumes had been completed. However, Morgan agreed to continue support for the fieldwork and publication continued.

Starting in 1910, Curtis and his team worked among the Kwakwaka'wakw First Nation on Vancouver Island, and in 1913 began to develop a documentary film project featuring the community in Alert Bay. In 1914, Curtis produced the feature-length film, In the Land of the Headhunters. The film showcased an all-indigenous cast and included an original musical score. Screened in New York and Seattle, it received high praise. However after this initial success, it did not receive the attention Curtis had hoped for, and resulted in financial loss.

Meanwhile, Curtis's prolonged absences from home had taken a toll on his marriage and in 1919 Clara and Edward divorced. The Seattle studio was awarded to Clara, and Curtis moved to Los Angeles, opening a photography studio with his daughter Beth and her husband Manford "Mag" Magnuson. Daughters Florence and Katherine came to Los Angeles sometime later. Curtis continued with fieldwork and promotion of the project, and in 1922 volume 12 of the NAI was published. Also in 1922, Curtis was accompanied during the field season in California by his daughter Florence Curtis Graybill, the first time a family member had gone to the field with him since the Curtis children were very small.

Curtis continued to push the project and publications along, yet never without financial struggle and he picked up work in Hollywood as both a still and motion picture photographer. John Pierpont Morgan, Jr., continued to provide funding for the fieldwork in memory of his father, but with the various financial upsets of the 1910s and 1920s, Curtis had a difficult time getting subscribers on board. In 1926, Myers, feeling the strain, regretfully resigned after the completion of volume 18. Anthropologist Frank Speck recommended Stewart Eastwood, a recent graduate from the University of Pennsylvania, to replace Myers as ethnologist for the final two volumes.

In 1927, Curtis and his team, along with his daughter Beth Curtis Magnuson, headed north from Seattle to Alaska and Canada on a final field season. Harsh weather and a hip injury made the trip difficult for Curtis, but he was very satisfied with the season's work. The party returned to Seattle, and upon arrival Curtis was arrested for unpaid alimony. He returned exhausted to Los Angeles, and in 1930 the final two volumes of NAI were published without fanfare. Curtis spent the next two years recovering from physical and mental exhaustion. Beth and Mag continued to run the Curtis studio in LA, but for the most part, Curtis had set down his camera for good. With the NAI behind him and his health recovered, Curtis pursued various interests and employment; he continued to do some work in Hollywood, including working on The Plainsman, starring Gary Cooper.

In 1933 Curtis was publicly criticized by John Collier, the Commissioner for Indian Affairs for some of the statements he had made on certain Pueblo ceremonies in the NAI volume 16, published in 1924. In September of 1934 Curtis received a letter from Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior regarding the claims published in volume 16, demanding a printed apology to be distributed among the text of the book as well as removal of the offending text from any undistributed copies of the publication. Curtis spent months writing and compiling supporting documentation in his defense, which he submitted to Ickes in January 1935. Also in 1935, the Morgan estate liquidated the North American Indian, Inc. and sold the remaining sets of the NAI volumes and unbound pages, photogravures, and copper printing plates along with the rights to the material to Boston bookseller Charles Lauriat for $1000.00.

Curtis's interest in gold prospecting took a front seat in the mid-1930s. While he scouted for potentially profitable mines in Northern California, his friend Ted Shell and possibly his son Harold sought investors. However, nothing ever fully panned out, though Curtis did design and build a concentrator for separating fine gold from placer tailings. He later sold the patent for ten dollars. Eventually, Curtis settled down on a farm outside Los Angeles, moving later to live with Beth and Mag, where he stayed until his death. In the mid to late 1940s Curtis began to write his memoirs. His daughter Florence visited him regularly and typed as Curtis dictated his recollections, and at some point he completed a draft of a memoir titled "As it Was." He also went through his papers and annotated or tucked notes among the correspondence and other material giving a brief explanation of the item or its context. Curtis died at home in 1952.

Prior to his death, Curtis had been out of the public eye for some years, and the NAI had slipped into relative obscurity. The Curtis studio in Los Angeles continued to sell Curtis's Native American photographs, and Florence gave occasional talks on her father, but it wasn't until the early 1970s that Curtis's work saw a renewed interest. This renaissance took place largely in the art photography market, but Curtis's biography and the NAI were also getting treatment in publications. Florence Curtis Graybill partnered with Victor Boesen to produce two narrative histories of Curtis and his work, and these were followed by many others. Florence continued to publish short works on her father for many years, and stayed in touch with numerous people involved in projects both scholarly and commercial that related to Curtis's work.

Sources Cited

Davis, Barbara. Edward S. Curtis: the life and times of a shadowcatcher. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1984.

Gidley, Mick. The North American Indian, Incorporated. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Chronology

1868 -- Curtis is born in Whitewater, Wisconsin

circa 1874 -- Curtis family moves to Cordova, Minnesota

1887 -- Moves with his father to Washington territory to be joined by his mother and siblings in 1888

1891 -- With Rasmus Rothi forms Rothi & Curtis photography studio in Seattle

1892 -- Marries Clara Phillips With Thomas Guptill forms Curtis & Guptill Photographers and Photoengravers in Seattle

circa 1895 -- Becomes interested in photographing the indigenous people of the area

1897 -- Guptill leaves, Curtis establishes himself as Edward S. Curtis, Photographer and Photoengraver

1898 -- Meets C. Hart Merriam, George Bird Grinnell, and Gifford Pinchot during climb on Mount Rainier Receives first place award from the National Photographic Convention in the "Genre Studies" for his photographs of Native Americans

1899 -- Joins Harriman Alaska Expedition as official photographer at request of C. Hart Merriam and George Bird Grinnell

1900 -- Accompanies George Bird Grinnell to Blackfoot reservation in Montana for Sundance Becomes interested in a major project to document Native American tribes Travels to Arizona to photograph Hopi communities

circa 1902 -- Travels again to the southwest to photograph Native communities

1903 -- Holds first formal exhibit of Native American photographs in his studio

1904 -- Publicly announces intention to produce major publication on Native Americans Portrait entered in the Ladies Home Journal "Prettiest Children in America" contest is selected for publication and as a result, Curtis is asked to photograph President Theodore Roosevelt's family

circa 1904-1906 -- Conducts fieldwork among Native communities of the southwest

1906 -- Meets with J. P. Morgan, who agrees to finance the fieldwork for Curtis's project Hires William E. Myers as researcher and writer for the project

1907 -- Volume 1 of NAI is published

1908 -- Volumes 2 and 3 of NAI are published

1909 -- Volumes 4 and 5 of NAI are published

1911 -- Volumes 6, 7, and 8 of NAI are published Presents and tours the "Picture Musicale"

1913 -- J. P. Morgan dies, but his son agrees to continue to provide support for NAI Volume 9 of NAI is published

1914 -- Releases film In the Land of the Headhunters

1915 -- Volume 10 of NAI is published

1916 -- Volume 11 of NAI is published

1919 -- Edward and Clara Curtis divorce and the Seattle studio is awarded to Clara Moves to Los Angeles and opens new studio with daughter Beth and her husband, Manford Magnuson

1922 -- Volume 12 of NAI is published Conducts fieldwork in California with daughter Florence Curtis Graybill

1924 -- Volumes 13 and 14 of NAI are published

1926 -- Volumes 15, 16, and 17 of NAI are published William E. Myers resigns as chief writer and ethnologist of NAI

1927 -- Conducts fieldwork in Alaska and Canada for final NAI volume with daughter Beth Curtis Magnuson

1928 -- Volume 18 of NAI is published

1930 -- Volumes 19 and 20 of NAI are published

circa 1930-1950 -- Applies himself to various interests, especially gold mining

1952 -- Dies in Los Angeles at the home of Beth and Manford Magnuson

Related Materials:

The National Anthropological Archives holds additional Curtis papers and photographs in MS 2000-18, the Edward Curtis investigation of the battle of Little Bighorn and Photo Lot 59, the Library of Congress copyright prints collection.

The Archives of Traditional Music at Indiana University holds Curtis's wax cylinder audio recordings from 1907-1913.

The Braun Research Library at the Autry Museum of the American West holds the Frederick Webb Hodge papers (1888-1931), which contain substantial correspondence from Curtis. The Braun also holds a small amount of Curtis papers and photographs, including some of Curtis's cyanotypes.

The Getty Research Institute holds the Edward S. Curtis papers (1900-1978), which include the original manuscript scores for the Curtis Picture Musicale and film In the Land of the Headhunters.

The Palace of the Governors at the New Mexico History Museum holds original Curtis negatives pertaining to the southwest.

The Pierpont Morgan Library holds the Edward S. Curtis papers (1906-1947), which contain the records of the North American Indian, Inc., as well as Curtis's correspondence to librarian, and later library director, Belle Da Costa Greene. The library also holds a large collection of Curtis's lantern slides, used in his Picture Musicale.

The Seattle Public Library holds correspondence of Curtis to Librarian Harriet Leitch (1948-1951), pertaining to his career.

The Seaver Center for Western History Research at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History holds collection GC 1143, which contains Curtis's field notes as well as manuscript drafts for the North American Indian.

The Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian holds NMAI.AC.080, the Edward S. Curtis photogravure plates and proofs, as well as NMAI.AC.053, the Mary Harriman Rumsey collection of Harriman Alaska Expedition photographs.

The University of Washington Libraries Special Collections holds the Edward S. Curtis papers (1893-1983). Additionally, the Burke Museum holds papers and photographs of Edmund Schwinke, which relate to Curtis's work with the Kwakwaka'wakw community.

Separated Materials:

Artifacts collected by Curtis that were a part of this donation comprise Accession No. 2058745 in the collections of the Department of Anthropology in the National Museum of Natural History.

Provenance:

The papers and photographs were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by Jim Graybill, grandson of Edward S. Curtis, in 2010 and 2011.

Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

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National Anthropological Archives

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https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3d9637048-0e34-47a7-8fd4-210055d47c69

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-2010-28

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass negative (original negative)

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G24

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass negatives

Glass transparencies

Scope and Contents:

Negative shows signs of enhancement.

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1743

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3b1908009-544a-428f-bdc3-13275ae5c21e

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2112

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass negative (original negative)

Container:

Box G24

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass negatives

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1749

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3f9c63eb6-81f4-484a-952b-901033b29254

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2113

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass negative (original negative)

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G24

Box G27

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass negatives

Glass transparencies

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1772

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw38458b1f2-b719-4563-9942-a656cfc3ee22

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2114

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass negative (original negative)

Container:

Box G24

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass negatives

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item ESC17.1

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3bfc5a314-083b-4336-98a3-7f7effc03622

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2115

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G24

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass transparencies

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1751

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw33eefe267-8090-411b-86d2-e3c21b1dd9fe

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2116

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G24

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass transparencies

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1752

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3053fd2e3-dfb7-4974-81db-69aac62c0cc8

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ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2117

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G25

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass transparencies

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1753

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw38994698f-b730-490b-87a6-b4cab659f1df

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2118

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G25

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass transparencies

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1754

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw302f97a6c-77f6-48e3-8893-aecbb9818fb6

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2119

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G25

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass transparencies

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1775

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw383de9223-47f2-4734-8c6e-237622177de1

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2120

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass negative (original negative)

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G25

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass negatives

Glass transparencies

Scope and Contents:

Negative shows signs of enhancement.

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1755

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw32fbb57c3-d417-4349-b8fa-e34649c78f9b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2121

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass negative (original negative)

Container:

Box G25

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass negatives

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1756

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

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https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3b1dadc0d-baf6-4fd1-84cb-32c94887f6a1

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2122

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G25

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass transparencies

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1757

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw34bfe741d-25fd-4e74-8dea-ce2da276ba51

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2123

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass negative (original negative)

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G25

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass negatives

Glass transparencies

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1758

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw370abf7f8-d8b9-4994-9895-f7fd01cbe3d7

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2124

Collection Creator:

Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952  Search this

Extent:

1 Glass transparency

Container:

Box G25

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Glass transparencies

Collection Restrictions:

Viewing of the photographic negatives and transparencies requires advance notice and the permission of the Photo Archivist.

Access to the Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Sponsor:

Processing and digitization of parts of this collection was supported by funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Small Research Grants program of the National Museum of Natural History.

Identifier:

NAA.2010-28, Item 1759

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Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs

Edward S. Curtis papers and photographs / Series 9: Photographs / 9.3: The North American Indian / Volume 17

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National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw330c89f92-8504-4b0d-9f0b-2b5629fd3b98

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2010-28-ref2125