Search Results

Type:

Books

Date:

2022

Data Source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_sil_1162047

Interviewee:

McMahon, Audrey, 1890-1981  Search this

Interviewer:

Phillips, Harlan B., 1920-1979,  Search this

Subject:

Bruce, Edward  Search this

Cahill, Holger  Search this

Force, Juliana  Search this

Hopkins, Harry Lloyd  Search this

La Guardia, Fiorello H. (Fiorello Henry)  Search this

Davis, Stuart  Search this

United States. Works Progress Administration  Search this

Federal Art Project (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

Type:

Sound recordings

Interviews

Citation:

Quotes and excerpts must be cited as follows: Oral history interview with Audrey McMahon, 1964 Nov. 18. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:

Federal aid to the arts  Search this

Arts administrators -- New York (State) -- New York -- Interviews  Search this

Women arts administrators  Search this

Theme:

New Deal  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)12044

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)213651

AAA_collcode_mcmaho64

Theme:

New Deal

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_oh_213651

Interviewee:

Miller, Suzanne Linda, 1882-1980  Search this

Interviewer:

McGlynn, Betty Lochrie Hoag  Search this

Subject:

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

Type:

Sound recordings

Interviews

Citation:

Quotes and excerpts must be cited as follows: Oral history interview with Suzanne Linda Miller, 1965 Feb. 11. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:

Federal aid to the arts  Search this

Women artists  Search this

Women painters  Search this

Women printmakers  Search this

Women muralists  Search this

Women art teachers  Search this

Theme:

New Deal  Search this

Women  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)12168

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)213665

AAA_collcode_miller65

Theme:

New Deal

Women

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_oh_213665

Interviewee:

McMahon, Audrey, 1900?-1981  Search this

Interviewer:

Phillips, Harlan B. (Harlan Buddington), 1920-1979  Search this

Creator:

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

Names:

Federal Art Project (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

United States. Works Progress Administration  Search this

Bruce, Edward, 1879-1943  Search this

Cahill, Holger, 1887-1960  Search this

Davis, Stuart, 1892-1964  Search this

Force, Juliana, 1876-1948  Search this

Hopkins, Harry Lloyd, 1890-1946  Search this

La Guardia, Fiorello H. (Fiorello Henry), 1882-1947  Search this

Extent:

67 Pages (Transcript)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pages

Sound recordings

Interviews

Date:

1964 Nov. 18

Scope and Contents:

An interview with Audrey McMahon conducted 1964 Nov. 18, by Harlan B. Phillips, for the Archives of American Art New Deal and the Arts Project.

McMahon speaks of her pre-Federal Art Project experiences; her early involvement with the WPA; how it functioned; and political problems with the WPA. She recalls Juliana Force, Edward Bruce, and Holger Cahill.

Biographical / Historical:

Audrey McMahon (1900?-1981) served under Holger Cahill as Regional Director of the WPA Federal Art Project for New York and New Jersey from 1935-1939.

General:

Originally recorded on 1 sound tape reel. Reformatted in 2010 as 2 digital wav files. Duration is 2 hrs., 21 min.

Provenance:

This interview conducted as part of the Archives of American Art's New Deal and the Arts project, which includes over 400 interviews of artists, administrators, historians, and others involved with the federal government's art programs and the activities of the Farm Security Administration in the 1930s and early 1940s.

Restrictions:

This interview is open for research. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Topic:

Federal aid to the arts  Search this

Arts administrators -- New York (State) -- New York -- Interviews  Search this

Women arts administrators  Search this

Genre/Form:

Sound recordings

Interviews

Identifier:

AAA.mcmaho64

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9864ed5b9-a17e-4270-8f11-238311a58054

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-mcmaho64

Interviewee:

Miller, Suzanne Linda, 1882-1980  Search this

Interviewer:

McGlynn, Betty Hoag  Search this

Creator:

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

Names:

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

Extent:

29 Pages (Transcript)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pages

Sound recordings

Interviews

Date:

1965 Feb. 11

Scope and Contents:

An interview of Suzanne Linda Miller conducted 1965 Feb. 11, by Betty Hoag, for the Archives of American Art New Deal and the Arts Project.

Biographical / Historical:

Suzanne Linda Miller (1882-1980) was a painter, printmaker, and muralist from California.

General:

Originally recorded on 2 sound tape reels. Reformatted in 2010 as 2 digital wav files. Duration is 53 min.

Provenance:

This interview conducted as part of the Archives of American Art's New Deal and the Arts project, which includes over 400 interviews of artists, administrators, historians, and others involved with the federal government's art programs and the activities of the Farm Security Administration in the 1930s and early 1940s.

Restrictions:

This interview is open for research. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Occupation:

Printmakers -- California  Search this

Painters -- California  Search this

Lithographers  Search this

Topic:

Federal aid to the arts  Search this

Women artists  Search this

Women painters  Search this

Women printmakers  Search this

Women muralists  Search this

Women art teachers  Search this

Genre/Form:

Sound recordings

Interviews

Identifier:

AAA.miller65

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9c6786876-5325-4380-a7c0-5ef3532d748c

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-miller65

Object Name:

Card

Date made:

1934

Credit Line:

W.E. Martin

ID Number:

1992.0224.70

Catalog number:

1992.0224.70

Accession number:

1992.0224

See more items in:

Political and Military History: Political History, General History Collection

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a9-b56f-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_1132144

Creator:

National Museum of American History  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2020-11-09T21:00:47.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

American History  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianAmHistory

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianAmHistory

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_3Luxj0_aqc8

Interviewee:

Biddle, George, 1885-1973  Search this

Interviewer:

Phillips, Harlan B., 1920-1979,  Search this

Subject:

Bacon, Peggy  Search this

Benton, Thomas Hart  Search this

Billings, Henry  Search this

Bruce, Edward  Search this

Cahill, Holger  Search this

Demuth, Charles  Search this

Evergood, Philip  Search this

Grosz, George  Search this

Halpert, Edith Gregor  Search this

Hartley, Marsden  Search this

Marsh, Reginald  Search this

Miller, Kenneth Hayes  Search this

Orozco, José Clemente  Search this

Rivera, Diego  Search this

Robinson, Boardman  Search this

Siqueiros, David Alfaro  Search this

Sterne, Maurice  Search this

Stieglitz, Alfred  Search this

Tamayo, Rufino  Search this

Weber, Max  Search this

Zorach, William  Search this

Cassatt, Mary  Search this

Pascin, Jules  Search this

Poor, Henry Varnum  Search this

Curry, John Steuart  Search this

Bouché, Louis  Search this

Kroll, Leon  Search this

Zorach, William  Search this

Public Works of Art Project  Search this

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

Type:

Sound recordings

Interviews

Citation:

Quotes and excerpts must be cited as follows: Oral history interview with George Biddle, 1963. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:

Art -- Censorship  Search this

Federal aid to the arts  Search this

Painters -- New York (State) -- New York -- Interviews  Search this

Sculptors -- New York (State) -- Interviews  Search this

Theme:

New Deal  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)12696

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)213269

AAA_collcode_biddle63

Theme:

New Deal

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_oh_213269

Interviewee:

Biddle, George, 1885-1973  Search this

Interviewer:

Phillips, Harlan B. (Harlan Buddington), 1920-1979  Search this

Creator:

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

Names:

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

Public Works of Art Project  Search this

Bacon, Peggy, 1895-1987  Search this

Benton, Thomas Hart, 1889-1975  Search this

Billings, Henry, 1901-  Search this

Bouché, Louis, 1896-1969  Search this

Bruce, Edward, 1879-1943  Search this

Cahill, Holger, 1887-1960  Search this

Cassatt, Mary, 1844-1926  Search this

Curry, John Steuart, 1897-1946  Search this

Demuth, Charles, 1883-1935  Search this

Evergood, Philip, 1901-1973  Search this

Grosz, George, 1893-1959  Search this

Halpert, Edith Gregor, 1900-1970  Search this

Hartley, Marsden, 1877-1943  Search this

Kroll, Leon, 1884-1974  Search this

Marsh, Reginald, 1898-1954  Search this

Miller, Kenneth Hayes, 1876-1952  Search this

Orozco, José Clemente, 1883-1949  Search this

Pascin, Jules, 1885-1930  Search this

Poor, Henry Varnum, 1887-1970  Search this

Rivera, Diego, 1886-1957  Search this

Robinson, Boardman, 1876-1952  Search this

Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 1896-1974  Search this

Sterne, Maurice, 1878-1957  Search this

Stieglitz, Alfred, 1864-1946  Search this

Tamayo, Rufino, 1899-1991  Search this

Weber, Max, 1881-1961  Search this

Zorach, William, 1887-1966  Search this

Zorach, William, 1887-1966  Search this

Extent:

239 Pages (Transcript)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pages

Sound recordings

Interviews

Date:

1963

Scope and Contents:

An interview with George Biddle conducted in 1963, by Harlan Phillips, for the Archives of American Art.

Biddle speaks of his background in Philadelphia; his Harvard education in preparation for a law career; literary acquaintances; travel; the beginning of his art career; his preoccupation with portraiture; his tragic and pleasant works; the importance of mood; his drawing techniques; drawing from nature; color experimentation; Stieglitz's circle; the susceptibility of artists to change during the 1930s; his involvement with the Public Works of Art Project; government censorship of his murals; his involvement with artists overseas during World War II; and his aesthetic philosophy. He recalls Max Weber, Maurice Sterne, George Grosz, William Zorach, Kenneth Hayes Miller, Peggy Bacon, Marsden Hartley, Charles Demuth, Edith Halpert, Boardman Robinson, Reginald Marsh, Thomas Hart Benton, Henry Billings, Ned Bruce, Holger Cahill, Philip Evergood, Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, David Siqueiros, and Rufino Tamayo.

Biographical / Historical:

George Biddle (1885-1973) was a painter and sculptor, in Croton-on-Hudson, New York.

General:

Originally recorded 3 sound tape reels. Reformatted in 2010 as 9 digital wav files. Duration is 13 hr., 56 min.

Provenance:

Conducted as part of the Archives of American Art's New Deal and the Arts project, which includes over 400 interviews of artists, administrators, historians, and others involved with the federal government's art programs and the activities of the Farm Security Administration in the 1930s and early 1940s.

Restrictions:

This interview is open for research. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Topic:

Art -- Censorship  Search this

Federal aid to the arts  Search this

Painters -- New York (State) -- New York -- Interviews  Search this

Sculptors -- New York (State) -- Interviews  Search this

Genre/Form:

Sound recordings

Interviews

Identifier:

AAA.biddle63

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9bb4fdb2d-29ab-4c56-bcef-655c27a0afb8

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-biddle63

Creator:

National Portrait Gallery  Search this

Type:

Symposia

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2011-02-12T22:57:40.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Portraits  Search this

See more by:

NatlPortraitGallery

Data Source:

National Portrait Gallery

YouTube Channel:

NatlPortraitGallery

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_J4Mt3firtUw

Collector:

Bouchard  Search this

Way  Search this

Preparation:

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Sex:

male

female

Stage:

I

Place:

Red River At County Road 7372, NW Of New Deal, Sumner County, Tennessee, United States

Collection Date:

24 Mar 1971

Published Name:

Orconectes cf. rusticus (Girard, 1852)

USNM Number:

207316

See more items in:

Invertebrate Zoology

Arthropoda

Data Source:

NMNH - Invertebrate Zoology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/33d7e28f9-f6d6-45af-9113-6c5149735d28

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhinvertebratezoology_162011

Collector:

Bouchard  Search this

Way  Search this

River Basin:

Cullins Cumberland River  Search this

Preparation:

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Sex:

male

Stage:

I

Place:

Red River At County Road 7372, NW Of New Deal, Sumner County, Tennessee, United States

Collection Date:

24 Mar 1971

Published Name:

Cambarus (Depressicambarus) graysoni Faxon, 1914

USNM Number:

217347

See more items in:

Invertebrate Zoology

Arthropoda

Data Source:

NMNH - Invertebrate Zoology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3f79ad247-3cc8-428d-99ea-190625b0fc3b

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhinvertebratezoology_171291

Collector:

Bouchard  Search this

Way  Search this

River Basin:

Cullins Cumberland River  Search this

Preparation:

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Sex:

female

Place:

Red River At County Road 7372, NW Of New Deal, Sumner County, Tennessee, United States

Collection Date:

24 Mar 1971

Published Name:

Cambarus (Erebicambarus) rusticiformis Rhoades, 1944

USNM Number:

217909

See more items in:

Invertebrate Zoology

Arthropoda

Data Source:

NMNH - Invertebrate Zoology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/323643200-733c-4213-a9fd-817643580f96

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhinvertebratezoology_171876

Collector:

Bouchard  Search this

Way  Search this

River Basin:

Cullins Cumberland River  Search this

Preparation:

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Sex:

male

Stage:

I

Place:

Red River At County Road 7372, NW Of New Deal, Sumner County, Tennessee, United States

Collection Date:

24 Mar 1971

Published Name:

Orconectes compressus (Faxon, 1884)

USNM Number:

218035

See more items in:

Invertebrate Zoology

Arthropoda

Data Source:

NMNH - Invertebrate Zoology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3cf2ca171-b430-4a3c-8b7e-7dad462e59e8

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhinvertebratezoology_172007

Collector:

Bouchard  Search this

Way  Search this

River Basin:

Cullins Cumberland River  Search this

Preparation:

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Sex:

male

male

female

female

Stage:

I

juvenile

juvenile

ovigerous

Place:

Red River At County Road 7372, NW Of New Deal, Sumner County, Tennessee, United States

Collection Date:

24 Mar 1971

Published Name:

Orconectes placidus (Hagen, 1870)

USNM Number:

218320

See more items in:

Invertebrate Zoology

Arthropoda

Data Source:

NMNH - Invertebrate Zoology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/393b8cbdf-f16b-4adf-9bed-dd853936f969

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhinvertebratezoology_172307

Creator:

National Postal Museum  Search this

Type:

Lectures

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2018-07-03T18:29:42.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Postal service;Letter mail handling;Stamp collecting  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNPM

Data Source:

National Postal Museum

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNPM

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_iZV5raAHqkM

Creator:

Pullman Palace Car Co.  Search this

Donor:

Pullman-Standard  Search this

Names:

Lincoln, Robert Todd  Search this

Pullman, George M., 1831-1897  Search this

Extent:

128.5 Cubic feet (147 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Glass plate negatives

Photographs

Date:

circa 1882-1955

Summary:

Collection consists of approximately 13,500 images (original photographs, copy prints, and film and glass plate negatives) for freight, passenger, private, and street and rapid transit cars manufactured by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The collection contains primarily early railroad Americana, including interior and exterior views of private and business cars as well as passenger and street cars. The collection is an important part of the historical record of the railroad car-building industry as well as the history of architecture and interior design.

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of approximately 13,500 images (original photographs, copy prints, and film and glass plate negatives) for freight, passenger, private, and street and rapid transit cars manufactured by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The collection contains primarily interior and exterior views of private and business cars as well as passenger and street cars. The collection is an important part of the historical record of the railroad car-building industry as well as the history of architecture and interior design. Historians, designers, railroad enthusiasts, model railroad hobbyists, scholars, and others will find this collection useful.

The glass plate negatives in this collection were produced using the wet collodion process, which was introduced to the United States in 1855 and used into the 1880s. The plates were coated with chemicals, sensitized, exposed and developed, all while the plate was wet. Later, Pullman photographers used the dry collodion process. This process involved using glass plates with a photographic emulsion of silver halides suspended in gelatin. This process had shorter exposure times.

George Pullman assembled a variety of photographers to document his company's work. The photography was primarily used as a record of work, especially for the Operating Department and Manufacturing Department at Pullman, as well as for prospective corporate customers.

Before establishing an in-plant photographic department in 1888, Pullman relied on local photographers. Some of the photographers included John Jex Bardwell, Wylie Dennison, Henry R. Koopman, J. W. Taylor, Thomas S. Johnson, Wylie Dennison, John P. Van Vorst, Clayton Ford Smith, Joseph McAllister, Melvin C. Horn, Ernie Stutkus, and Donald J. O'Barski. Many of the photographers signed the glass plates using their initials. For example, John P. Van Vorst signed his J.P.V.V.

Photography of Pullman activities began in the Detroit Shops (property of the Detroit Car & Manufacturing Co. which was purchased by Pullman in 1873 and operated as the Detroit Shops of Pullman) in the 1870s and expanded to include photographing the town of Pullman, steel car construction, shop accidents, workers, panoramic views, and in some instances, for company publications. In-plant photography was started with Wylie Dennison in 1888. Dennison was the first full-time Pullman photographer, and he created the Pullman Photographic Department. Dennison instituted the practice of recording each photograph, noting the negative number, description of the car, the type of view (typically one interior view and one exterior view) and lot number. All of Dennison's photography was done outside in the daylight.

The negative numbers assigned to the glass plates were identified with a "lot" number. The lot number identified the production order, and in later years, the plan number was added, designating the layout of the car. Photographing one car out of each new lot was the intital practice, but over-time, the Photographic Department began taking six or more views of the interior and exterior as well as end views.

Lot numbers include:

Lots 1 - 500 (Pullman Car Works - Chicago)

Lots 1 - 500 (Detroit Car Works)

Lots 500 plus (can be freight and passenger mixed)

Lots 1000 to 4999 (Pullman passenger equipment)

Lots 5000 to 5999 (Pullman freight equipment)

Lots 5000 + Haskell and Barker (Pullman overlap)

Lots 6000 to 7000+ (Pullman and P-S passenger)

Lots 8000 to 9999 (Pullman freight equipment)

Lots 10000+ (Pullman freight equipment)

Series 1, Original prints, circa 1880-1949, are arranged numerically by Pullman numbers. The original prints begin with number 7343 and end with number 33091. The photographs document Pullman cars, including freight, passenger, private, and street railway/rapid transit. Many of the images depict interior views of the cars, and there are some views of porters and passengers. There is some documentation of the workmen constructing the cars. The prints are primarily 8" by 10" black-and-white and were originally bound into books and backed on linen. The prints were unbound at some time. Many of the original prints bear an embossed stamp "Built by Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corporation Chicago." Some photographs are sepia-tone and there are no negatives for these prints.

Series 2, Copy prints, 1885-1955, consists of prints made from the glass plate negatives by the Smithsonian photographic services office. The copy prints were originally stored in loose binders but were re-housed into folders and arranged numerically according to the original Pullman Company number. The number is typically found in the lower right corner of the image. The copy prints are black-and-white and are either 5" x 7" or 8" x 10".

Series 3, Film negatives, 1917-1955, consists of film negatives (4" x 5" and 8" x 10") that are arranged numerically by Pullman numbers. In some instances, information on the enclosure includes the type of car (e.g. sleeper, freight), the name of the car if applicable, name of railroad company, geographical information, and date(s). In some instances, "repro," or "broken glass" are recorded. For negatives that did not conform to the Pullman numbering system, the container list provides additional information. For example, Haskell and Barker Car Company (Haskell and Barker merged with the Pullman Company in 1922) machine shop views, or Pullman cars in St. Paul, Minnesota are recorded in the collection inventory listing.

Series 4, Glass plate negatives, [circa 1882-1948], is divided into two subseries, Subseries 1, 6" x 8" negatives and Subseries 2, 8" x 10" negatives. The series consists of approximately 13,500 glass plate negatives arranged by Pullman Company negative number. The negatives document primarily Pullman cars, including freight, passenger, private and street railway/rapid transit. Many of the images depict interior and exterior views of the cars and some views of porters and passengers. The interior views include details such as seating, window treatments, lighting fixtures, bathroom fixtures, wood paneling, marquetry work, fabrics, floor treatments, and other furnishings. There is some documentation of the construction of the cars by workmen in the factory.

The negative numbers and lot numbers are etched on the glass plates. Overall the series is in good condition, although there are some broken plates which have been separated. The negatives are not inclusive and some plates are missing, or there are two copies. If plates are missing or additional copies exist, this is noted in the collection inventory. In some instances, plates are labeled 3937 and then 3937-A. This numbering distinguished two different views/angles of the same car.

Many of the envelope enclosures contain the negative number, sometimes preceed by the letter "P" (e.g. P9597), lot number (L4700), and in some instances, text describing the negative. Text typically includes the type of car (sleeper, freight), the name of the car if applicable, name of railroad company, geographical information, and date(s). If a copy print was created from the negative plate, the enclosure is stamped "printed." However, this practice was not consistent. Plates that were not printed are occasionally noted, but not with any consistency.

The 6" by 8" glass plates numbered 82-4130 to 82-4167, represent numbers assigned by the Office of Photographic Services, Smithsonian Institution. Previously labeled "Pullman" on the enclosures, the plates primarily document engines and passenger cars for the New York, New Haven, & Hartford Railroad, 1870-1890 and undated. The plates do not have Pullman negative numbers etched in the lower left or right corners and it is unclear if these plates belong to this collection.

Series 5, Indices, 1990 and undated include bound, typescript indices to the Pullman negatives. Created by the National Museum of American History, Division of Transportation (now known as the Division of Work and Industry), the indices include listings by railroad, private cars, freight cars, street cars and rapid transit, and Pullman negatives. The indices provide the name of the railroad/railway (e.g. Chicago & Alton), type of car (e.g. coal car or box car), number, lot, remarks (e.g. baggage area), year, type of view (e.g. exterior or interior) and frame number (for the laser disc).

One index is a supplemental guide listing sepia tone prints for which no negative exists in our collection. The indices for the negative listings on laser discs one and two are available. However, the actual lasers discs are missing.

References

Horn, Don. "The Pullman Photographers," Railroad Heritage, No. 7, 2003, pp. 5-13.

Arnold, Rus. "This Negative File was a Sleeper." Technical Photography. May 1970, pp. 21-XX.

Pullman State Historic Site, http://www.pullman-museum.org/theCompany/timeline.html (last accessed April 18, 2011)

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into five series.

Series 1, Original prints, 1904-1949

Series 2, Copy prints, 1885-1955

Series 3, Film negatives, undated

Series 4, Glass plate negatives, circa 1882-1948

Series 5, Indices, 1990 and undated

Biographical / Historical:

Recognizing a market for luxurious rail travel, George M. Pullman, who had earlier experimented with sleeping car construction and was wealthy from the provisioning and transporting of Colorado miners in the early 1860s, incorporated the Pullman's Palace Car Company in 1867. By the 1870s his operations were already national and included the operation of sleeping cars under contract with the nation's railroads, the manufacture of cars at the Detroit Works, and the creation of subsidiary firms serving Great Britain and Europe. In the three decades before the turn of the century, the prosperous company grew enormously and included a much heralded model company town adjacent to the new car works at Pullman, Illinois. Acclaim turned to condemnation following the nationwide strike that originated at the Pullman Car Works in 1894. Pullman died in 1897, two years before his company absorbed its last major competitor, the Wagner Palace Car Company, which had been financed by the Vanderbilts.

The Pullman's Palace Car Company entered the twentieth century with a new name, the Pullman Company, and a new president, Robert Todd Lincoln. An extremely profitable virtual monopoly, the Pullman Company began replacing its wood cars with safer all steel bodied models (heavyweights) in its newly segregated manufacturing department and at the same time (1906) came under the regulation of the Interstate Commerce Commission. From 1918 to 1920, the United States Railroad Administration, citing the war emergency, assumed control of the operating arm of the firm, renamed the Pullman Car Lines for the duration of federal control.

The Pullman Company reached its peak during the 1920s, manufacturing new heavyweight cars at a rapid pace. Seeking to expand its freight car production, Pullman merged with the Haskell and Barker Car Company in 1922. Edward F. Carry and his Haskell and Barker associates assumed the presidency and other executive positions in the enlarged Pullman Company. More reorganization took place in 1924, when the Pullman Company Manufacturing Department became a distinct firm, the Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corporation, and in 1927, when a parent or holding company, Pullman Incorporated, was created to oversee the two subsidiary firms. In 1929, following Carry's death, President David A. Crawford engineered the merger of the Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corporation with the Standard Steel Car Company, forming the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company.

During the first three decades of the twentieth century Pullman sought to impede the unionization of its workers by offering new benefits, including a pension plan in 1914, a death benefit plan in 1922, and a plan of group insurance in 1929. F. L. Simmons' Industrial Relations Department, created in 1920, also directed the formation of company-sponsored occupationally-based unions under the plan of employee representation. A. Philip Randolph's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and other unions would not successfully organize company workers until the New Deal Railway Labor Act of 1934 forbade corporate interference in union matters. The Depression marked the end of Pullman prosperity. Both the number of car orders and sleeping car passengers declined precipitously. The firm laid off car plant and service workers, reduced fares, and introduced such innovations as the single occupancy section in an effort to fill its cars. During this decade the firm built fewer new cars, but it added air conditioning to its existing heavyweights and remodeled many into compartment sleepers.

In 1940, just as orders for lightweight cars were increasing and sleeping car traffic was growing, the United States Department of Justice filed an anti-trust complaint against Pullman Incorporated in the U. S. District Court at Philadelphia (Civil Action No. 994). The government sought to separate the company's sleeping car operations from its manufacturing activities. In 1944 the court concurred, ordering Pullman Incorporated to divest itself of either the Pullman Company (operating) or the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company (manufacturing). After three years of negotiations, the Pullman Company was sold to a consortium of fifty-seven railroads for around forty million dollars. Carroll R. Harding was named president of this new Pullman Company. The new Pullman Company started out optimistically in 1947 with good passenger traffic figures, but the years following brought steady and marked decline. Regularly scheduled lines were cancelled; all shops except St. Louis and Chicago were closed; employees were furloughed, and major railroad owners such as the New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroad totally or partially withdrew from service. On January 1, 1969, at the age of 102, the Pullman Company ceased operation, though it maintained a small central office staff to wind up affairs and handle an equal pay-for-equal-work lawsuit (Denver Case) that continued in the courts until 1981.

John H. White (1933-), historian and curator, collected the Pullman photographs in 1969. White was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and graduated with a bachelors of arts in history from Miami University Ohio in 1958. Shortly after receiving his degree, He joined the staff of the Smithsonian Institution as Assistant Curator of the Division of Transportation, Department of Science and Technology, Museum of History and Technology. White later became Associate Curator of the Division, 1961-1966, Curator, 1967-1985, and Senior Historian, 1986-1989. White specialized in land transportation, particularly the history of railroads.

White worked closely with Arthur Detmers Dubin (1923-) to acquire the Pullman photographs for the museum. Dubin was an avid train enthusiast and collector, and he frequently used the Pullman "archives" for his own research on railroads. Dubin was born in Chicago, Illinois and began his architectural education at the University of Michigan in 1941 but his education was interrupted by World War II, and he served with distinction in the United States Army until 1946. After completing his studies in 1949, Dubin joined his father's and uncle's architectural firm, Dubin and Dubin, as a second--eneration architect. The leadership of the firm soon passed to Arthur and his brother, Martin David, and in 1965 they were joined by John Black and in 1966 by John Moutoussamy. Arthur's life--ong interest in trains and transportation and their implications for architecture is evident in transit stations commissions and service on transportation--elated advisory boards (Dubin was a member of the Illinois Railroad Commission), as well as in his writings and personal collections.

In July, 1966, Dubin contacted then Vice President of Public Relations at Pullman-Standard E. Preston Calvert about the history and future of the photographic negative plates. Dubin appealed to Calvert to preserve these materials. Dubin and White were also in contact by correspondence and in June, 1967, White contacted Calvert also, stating that the Chicago Historical Society or Illinois State Historical Society should be offered the plates as a first option. Failing a local Illinois repository accepting the materials, White indicated that the Smithsonian would accept the negatives.

During the spring of 1968, White, working with Dubin and Nora Wilson, editor of the company's publications, coordinated a visit by White to Chicago to examine the photographic negatives at the Pullman Car Works factory in south Chicago. In April 1968, White examined the vast collection of glass plate negatives (approximately 20,000). From April, 1968 to August, 1969, Pullman-Standard and the Smithsonian negotiated acquisition details, including shipping and related costs. In August, 1969, White returned to complete the task of sorting the glass plates, discarding broken plates, and weeding repetitive views. He selected approximately 13,500 glass plates. Views of Pullman towns were donated to the Chicago Historical Society. Dubin appraised the photographic plates and film negatives, presumably on behalf of Pullman-Standard, and estimated the plates to be worth between $54,000 and $67,500 dollars.

References

Historical note courtesy Martha T. Briggs and Cynthia H. Peters, Guide to Pullman Company Archives, The Newberry Library, Chicago, 1995.

Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago Area Architects Oral History Project http://www.artic.edu/aic/resources/resource/734?search_id=1 (last accessed on February 23, 2011)

John H. White papers, 1959-1989, Record Unit 007384, Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C.

Telephone conversation of Alison Oswald, archivist, with John H. White, April 14, 2011.

Related Materials:

Materials in the Archives Center

Pullman Palace Car Company Materials, 1867-1979 (AC0181)

John H. White, Jr. Railroad Reference Collection, 1880s-1990 (AC0523)

Materials in Other Organizations

•Art Institute of Chicago

•Bombardier Corporation

•California State Railroad Museum

•Chicago History Museum

•Arthur Dubin Collection at Lake Forest College

•Illinois Railway Museum

•Indiana University Northwest's Calumet Regional Archives

Pullman-Standard Railroad Car Manufacturing Company Personnel Records—Personnel Record Series CRA 314 This index of employee names was created from the original personnel cards housed at Indiana University Northwest's Calumet Regional Archives from the Indiana locations. Although the records are not complete from the Michigan City plant for the entire period from 1912 to the 1970's, there may be information that will assist researchers with finding key details of a family member. The Hammond Pullman plant was merged with the Haskell Barker Company of Michigan City in 1922.

•Newberry Library, Chicago

The Pullman Company archives at the Newberry Library consists of 2,500 cubic feet of records from the Pullman Company and Pullman heirs. The collection is comprised of business archives of the Pullman Palace Car Company from 1867 and includes records of the entire firm up to the 1924 split into operating (sleeping car operation, service, and repair) and manufacturing companies. From 1924 to 1981 the records chronicle the activities of the operating company only.

•Pennsylvania State Archives

•Pullman State Historic Site

•Pullman Technology (Harvey, Illinois)

•Smithsonian Institution Archives

•South Suburban Genealogical & Historical Society (South Holland, Illinois)

Provenance:

The collection was donated by Pullman-Standard Company, through Nora Wilson, editor of employee publications for the Department of Public Relations and Advertising, on October 8, 1969.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Rights:

Copyright held by the Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:

Freight cars  Search this

Railroads -- Dining-car service  Search this

Roomette car  Search this

Hospital cars  Search this

Dining cars  Search this

Hotel car  Search this

Sleeping cars (Railroads)  Search this

Local transit  Search this

Genre/Form:

Glass plate negatives

Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- Acetate film -- 1890-1900

Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- Acetate film -- 1900-1950

Citation:

Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

John and Ellen Thompson provided financial support for processing the collection.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1175

See more items in:

Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep85e54d13d-eb5a-4971-8e39-ecfe85039ed4

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1175

Creator:

Von Groschwitz, Gustave, 1906-1991  Search this

Federal Art Project. Graphic Arts Division  Search this

Subject:

United States. Work Projects Administration  Search this

United States. Works Progress Administration  Search this

Place:

United States -- Economic conditions -- New York (N.Y.)

Citation:

Gustave Von Groschwitz papers, 1935-1938. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:

Federal aid to the arts -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Art and state -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

New Deal, 1933-1939 -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Graphic arts -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Theme:

Patronage  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)6923

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)209052

AAA_collcode_vongros

Theme:

Patronage

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_209052

Creator:

Spokane Art Center  Search this

Interviewer:

Bestor, Dorothy K., 1913-  Search this

Subject:

Guilbert, Gladys  Search this

Nelson, Erna Bert  Search this

Reed, Florence  Search this

Weaver, Elsa  Search this

Irving, Henry, Mrs  Search this

New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project  Search this

Type:

Sound recordings

Interviews

Citation:

Quotes and excerpts must be cited as follows: Oral history interview of the board of the Spokane Art Center, 1965 November 18. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:

Art, American  Search this

Art patrons -- Washington (State) -- Spokane -- Interviews  Search this

Theme:

New Deal  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)12298

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)213994

AAA_collcode_spokan65

Theme:

New Deal

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_oh_213994

Collection Creator:

Carnegie Institute, Museum of Art  Search this

Container:

Box 151, Folder 49

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1935-1939

Collection Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:

Carnegie Institute, Museum of Art records, 1883-1962, bulk 1885-1940. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Brown Foundation. Funding for the digitization of this collection was provided by the Terra Foundation for American Art.

See more items in:

Carnegie Institute, Museum of Art records

Carnegie Institute, Museum of Art records / Series 1: Correspondence

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9a6cc132b-c354-4015-8b22-8cdd2a0b459b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-carninst-ref8968