Paula J. White; Mary Bighorse; Ina McNeil; Margaret Wood; Ana Cooke Hoffman; Gussie Bento; Judy Toppings; Sheree Bonaparte; Lula Red Cloud; Conrad House; Nancy Naranjo; Harriet Soong; Shirley M. Grady; Jimmie Carole Fife Stewart; Alice Olsen Williams; Rita L. Corbiere; Marlene Sekaquaptewa; Ollie Napesni; and Bernyce K. Courtney Search this
Commissioner:
National Museum of the American Indian Exhibitions Department (NMAI Exhibits Department) Search this
Contributor:
Paula J. White, Minnesota Chippewa [Leech Lake, Minnesota] Search this
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadbast materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Collection Title, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadbast materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Collection Title, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadbast materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Collection Title, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
This collection includes glass plate negatives shot by J. Harold Waugh, the son of Indian Agent John H. Waugh on the Spirit Lake (Devil's Lake) reservation between 1890 and 1893. The agency headquarters were located at Fort Totten in North Dakota and Waugh (Sr.) oversaw both the Spirit Lake (Devil's Lake) and Turtle Mountain reservations. J. Harold Waugh's photographs include images of agency buildings, activities on the reservation and members of the Wahpetonwan Dakota [Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe] Tribe.
Scope and Contents:
This collection includes 41 glass plate negatives and copy negatives shot by J. Harold Waugh, the son of Indian Agent John H. Waugh on the Spirit Lake (Devil's Lake) reservation between 1890 and 1893. Waugh, who was a young man at the time, shot photographs documenting the activities at the Fort Totten Agency in North Dakota in addition to taking several group portraits and photographing buildings and landscape views. The buildings Waugh photographed included agency offices, post buildings, Issue buildings, a hotel in Fort Totten, the Episcopal mission, Roman Catholic convent and the Fort Totten Industrial Training School. Waugh shot photographs during several Wahpetonwan Dakota dances (some restricted), on Issue Day, and of a sham battle that took place in front of his house in Fort Totten. He also made portraits of Wahpetonwan Dakota community members, including members of the Spirit Lake (Devil's Lake) Indian police force. Several of the group portraits also include his father, John Waugh, and his sister, Edna Waugh. Although the majority of the photographs were made outside, there are several portraits of Minnesota Chippewa [White Earth, Minnesota] girls who were students at the Fort Totten Industrial school which appear to have been shot inside the school. Many of the Wahpetonwan Dakota community members were identified in the original catalog, though name spellings vary. Several photographs still remain unidentified.
The copy negatives were created by the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation (NMAI's predecessor museum) during a photo conservation project in the 1960s.
N20150 - N20192. N20158 and N20189 were destroyed, no copy negative exists.
Arrangement:
Arranged by catalog number.
John Harold Waugh:
John Harold Waugh, Sr. was born west of Greenville, Pennsylvania in 1853, son of Judge William W. Waugh. Around 1873 he married to Ella M. Hammond, daughter of Dr. Hammond, formerly of Brooklyn, and they had two sons, William Hammond and John Harold, and one daughter, Edna. Waugh was stationed as the Indian agent from 1890-1893 at the Devil's Lake Agency which included the Fort Totten Reservation and Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota. Fort Totten reservation is now part of the Spirit Lake Reservation (Devil's Lake) in North Dakota. Between 1867 and 1890, Fort Totten served as a military post policing the surrounding reservation inhabited by the Wahpetonwan Dakota, formerly called "Devils Lake Sioux." In 1890 the Fort was decommissioned and on January 5th, 1891 the former post became the property of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
J. Harold Waugh, Jr., born in 1877, was still a young man while his father was stationed in North Dakota. After the death of his father in 1894 he along with his mother and sister moved back to Pennsylvania. Waugh eventually settled in New Jersey and opened an advertising firm. He later donated his negatives to the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation in 1930 and deposited additional materials with the museum in 1950.
The Fort Totten Industrial Training School:
The Fort Totten Industrial Training School was originally an outgrowth of the mission school established by the Catholics in 1874 and the industrial school established by the order of the Grey Nuns from Montreal. After a fire burned down the main buildings of the mission in 1883 a new mission was built half a mile northeast of Fort Totten. In 1890 when the Fort was decommissioned, the Mission school was consolidated with the Industrial School and placed under the supervision of Superintendent William F. Canfield. Under Canfield the school taught students from the Spirit Lake (Devils Lake) reservation, Turtle Mountain reservation, and Standing Rock reservations in North Dakota, the Fort Peck Reservation in Montana, the White Earth Reservation, Red Lake Reservation, and Leech Lake reservations in Minnesota. Most pupils were enrolled for three to five years and half the school day was devoted to industrial work including harness making, shoemaking, tailoring, carpentry, masonry, blacksmithing, farming and engineering for the boys and cooking, breadmaking, housekeeping, laundry work and sewing for the girls.
Related Materials:
J. Harold Waugh later donated a collection of plains ethnology to the MAI in 1941. These items had been collected by his father John H. Waugh while he was an Indian Agent in North Dakota from 1890-1893. You can view these items here: John Waugh collection items.
Provenance:
Donated by J. Harold Waugh, Jr. in 1930.
Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archives Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
One of the photographs is restricted due to cultural sensitivity.
Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiphotos@si.edu. For personal or classroom use, users are invited to download, print, photocopy, and distribute the images that are available online without prior written permission, provided that the files are not modified in any way, the Smithsonian Institution copyright notice (where applicable) is included, and the source of the image is identified as the National Museum of the American Indian. For more information please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use and NMAI Archive Center's Digital Image request website.
Indians of North America -- North Dakota Search this
Genre/Form:
Glass plate negatives
Photographs
Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); J. Harold Waugh photographs from the Spirit Lake Reservation (Devil's Lake Reservation) image #, NMAI.AC.143; National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Minnesota Chippewa [White Earth, Minnesota] Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Negatives
Glass plate negatives
Date:
circa 1893
Scope and Contents:
Indoor portrait of two young Minnesota Chippewa women, Maude Bender and Annie Telfsson, from the White Earth Reservation at the Fort Totten Industrial Training School on Spirit Lake Reservation (Devils Lake Reservation) in North Dakota. They both wear school uniforms.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archives Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
One of the photographs is restricted due to cultural sensitivity.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiphotos@si.edu. For personal or classroom use, users are invited to download, print, photocopy, and distribute the images that are available online without prior written permission, provided that the files are not modified in any way, the Smithsonian Institution copyright notice (where applicable) is included, and the source of the image is identified as the National Museum of the American Indian. For more information please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use and NMAI Archive Center's Digital Image request website.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); J. Harold Waugh photographs from the Spirit Lake Reservation (Devil's Lake Reservation) image #, NMAI.AC.143; National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Minnesota Chippewa [White Earth, Minnesota] Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Negatives
Glass plate negatives
Date:
circa 1893
Scope and Contents:
Indoor portrait of three young Minnesota Chippewa women from the White Earth Reservation at the Fort Totten Industrial Training School on Spirit Lake Reservation (Devils Lake Reservation) in North Dakota. They wear hats and dresses and are posed in front of a work of embroidery.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archives Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
One of the photographs is restricted due to cultural sensitivity.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiphotos@si.edu. For personal or classroom use, users are invited to download, print, photocopy, and distribute the images that are available online without prior written permission, provided that the files are not modified in any way, the Smithsonian Institution copyright notice (where applicable) is included, and the source of the image is identified as the National Museum of the American Indian. For more information please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use and NMAI Archive Center's Digital Image request website.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); J. Harold Waugh photographs from the Spirit Lake Reservation (Devil's Lake Reservation) image #, NMAI.AC.143; National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Access to NMAI Archives Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadbast materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection, NMAI.AC.058, National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Sacaton (Akimel O'odham/Pima) and Fort Mojave (Arizona), Zuni (New Mexico), Riverside (California), White Earth Agency (Minnesota), and Other views in Arizona, California, Minnesota and Wisconsin
Collection Creator:
Churchill, Frank C. (Frank Carroll), 1850-1912 Search this
This album contains 207 photographic prints taken by Frank Churchill in February-March 1904 and March-July 1906, with the bulk being taken in 1903 and 1904. The album was later compiled and captioned by Clara Churchill. Some of the photographs were also later hand colored by Clara Churchill. The majority of the photographs were taken in Sacaton (Arizona) among the Akimel O'Odham (Pima), Fort Mojave Indian Reservation (Arizona), Riverside (California), White Earth Agency (Minnesota) and several locations in Wisconsin during Frank Churchill's assignment as U.S. Indian Inspector to visit Indian day schools and boarding schools. There are also a small amount of photographs at other locations in Arizona, New Mexico and California.
The photographs taken in and around Sacaton, on the Gila River Indian Reservation, were made in February 1904 and March 1906 on two different visits. The 1904 photographs include—Images from Issue Day; Indian Agency Building; Kee's (Ki) Tohono O'odham homes; giant cacti; Sawtooth Mountain views; Mrs. Churchill and Mrs. Alexander in a Pima grain basket; School Superintendent J.B. Alexander and wife and Gila Crossing Day School; Casa Blanca petroglyphs; Sacaton water supply. The 1906 photographs include—Superintendent J.B. Alexander with S.M. McCowan and Frank Churchill; Williams and Dr. Marden; Girls' dormitory and girl students at the "Indian Trading School," the boarding school in Sacaton; boys at the school and outdoor classes; M. Scott Smith; Mr. Crouse (trader); Superintendent Alexander, Mr. McCowan, Miss Chingian, Miss Squier and Mrs. Chuchill; Indian Agency offices; views on issue day; Gila River during floods; Bapchule church; fake petroglyphs made by Frank Churchill; and additional views of Sacaton and its surrounding area. Additional views around Phoenix include—an Apache camp outside of Phoenix; Salt River Day School; and the Mission at Gila Crossing.
Photographs from the Fort Mojave (Mohave) reservation and its surrounding area include—Class in gardening at the Fort Mojave Indian School; views of the reservation; views of the Indian School; Gold Road Mine (25 miles east of Fort Mojave); and Needles, California, across the Colorado River. There are also photographs of a trip to the Chemehuevi camp in California with Claude Compton (Trader). Photographs from Riverside, California and the surrounding area include—Views at the Sherman Institute (the Indian School on Magnolia Avenue); morning inspection; students on parade; views of the Perris school (before it was closed); and orange groves and rose gardens. There are also photographs in Banning, California. Additional photographs in Arizona include—views in Yuma; San Xavier Mission and ruins on the Santa Cruz River near Tucson; and Needle Rock near Prescott. There are a small amount of A:shiwi (Zuni) photographs from 1906 which include—Building of the Zuni dam; view of the Zuni school and several Pueblo views.
Photographs from Minnesota, taken among the Minnesota Chippewa include— White Earth Agency buildings; White Earth Indian School; and bark tipis; and the Wild Rice Indian School with condemned property. There are many photographs of the 38th annual June 14th celebration which include dancers, drummers, a barbecue and Chief Wadena (Minnesota Chippewa). Photographs from Wisconsin include—Ashland, Lac Courte Oreilles (Lake Superior Chippewa); Grind Stone Lake; Bad River Reservation; Logging and lumber facilities; Lac du Flambeau; Mr. Ferry's Farm and Island near Carter, Wisconsin.
Many photographs in this album do not have corresponding negatives.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archives Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadbast materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection, NMAI.AC.058, National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution.
These papers consist of research materials collected and used by Professor Carol Herselle Krinsky for her book Contemporary Native American Architecture: Cultural Regeneration and Creativity.
Scope and Contents:
These papers consist of research materials collected and used by Professor Carol Herselle Krinsky for her book Contemporary Native American Architecture: Cultural Regeneration and Creativity. This book discusses the connection between trends in modern architecture and native culture, as well as how culture has been revived through architecture, and how existing structures are altered to better reflect the native culture they serve. These materials include correspondence, newspaper clippings, interview transcripts, and photographs. News clippings in this collection include articles in German.
Arrangement:
The Carol H. Krinsky Papers are divided into two main series based on the original order established by Dr. Krinsky.
Series 1, Tribes (1964-2004) [Boxes 1-4]
Series 2, Subject Files (1967-2004)
[Boxes 5-7]
Biographical / Historical:
Carol Herselle Krinsky is a professor of Fine Arts at New York University. She received a BA from Smith College in 1957, a M.A. from the NYU Institute of Fine Arts in 1960, and a PhD from NYU in 1965. Professor Krinsky has received many honors and awards throughout her career including the Miess Publication Award from the College Art Association (1985), the National Jewish Book Award (1986), a Merit of Distinction from the International Center for Holocaust Studies (1987), a Golden Dozen Teaching Award from NYU (1990) and; the Brunner Research Award from the New York City Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. She has also been named a Senior Fulbright Scholar.
Previous publications have included Synagogues of Europe, Rockefeller Center, and Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.
Provenance:
The collection was donated by Dr. Carol Herselle Krinsky on March 3, 2004.
Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the NMAI Archivist. The Archives has no information on the status of literary rights for the work of others found in these papers; researchers are responsible for determining any question of copyright.
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Carol H. Krinsky Papers, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archives, Smithsonian Institution.