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Department of Anthropology records

Creator:
National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this
Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology  Search this
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology  Search this
Extent:
330.25 Linear feet (519 boxes)
Note:
Some materials are held off-site; this will be indicated at the series or sub-series level. Advanced notice must be given to view these portions of the collection.
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Date:
1840-circa 2015
Summary:
The Department of Anthropology records contain administrative and research materials produced by the department and its members from the time of the Smithsonian Institution's foundation until today.
Scope and Contents:
The Department of Anthropology records contain correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, memoranda, invoices, meeting minutes, fiscal records, annual reports, grant applications, personnel records, receipts, and forms. The topics covered in the materials include collections, exhibits, staff, conservation, acquisitions, loans, storage and office space, administration, operations, research, budgets, security, office procedures, and funding. The materials were created by members of the Section of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution, the Division of Anthropology of the United States National Museum, the Office of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History, and the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History and range in date from before the founding of the Smithsonian Institution to today. The Department of Anthropology records also contain some materials related to the Bureau of American Ethnology, such as documents from the River Basin Surveys.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
This collection is arranged in 28 series: (1) Correspondence, 1902-1908, 1961-1992; (2) Alpha-Subject File, 1828-1963; (3) Alpha-Subject File, 1961-1975; (4) Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Subject Files, 1967-1968; (5) River Basin Survey Files, 1965-1969; (6) Research Statements, Proposals, and Awards, 1961-1977 (bulk 1966-1973); (7) Publication File, 1960-1975; (8) Memoranda and Lists Concerning Condemnations, 1910-1965; (9) Notebook on Special Exhibits, 1951-1952 (10) Section on Animal Industry; (11) Administrative Records, 1891-1974; (12) Administrative Records, 1965-1994 (bulk 1975-1988); (13) Fiscal Records, 1904-1986; (14) Annual Reports, 1920-1983; (15) Chairman's Office Files, 1987-1993; (16) Division of Archaeology, 1828-1965; (17) Division of Ethnology, 1840s, 1860-1972, 1997; (18) Division of Physical Anthropology; (19) Division of Cultural Anthropology, 1920-1968; (20) Records of the Anthropological Laboratory/Anthropology Conservation and Restoration Laboratory, 1939-1973; (21) Collections Management, 1965-1985; (22) Photographs of Specimens and Other Subjects (Processing Laboratory Photographs), 1880s-1950s; (23) Exhibit Labels, Specimen Labels, Catalog Cards, and Miscellaneous Documents, circa 1870-1950; (24) Antiquities Act Permits, 1904-1986; (25) Ancient Technology Program, circa 1966-1981; (26) Urgent Anthropology; (27) Records of the Handbook of North American Indians; (28) Personnel; (29) Repatriation Office, 1991-1994
Administrative History.:
The Smithsonian Institution was founded in 1846. Although there was no department of anthropology until the creation of the Section of Ethnology in 1879, anthropological materials were part of the Smithsonian's collection from its foundation. The Section of Ethnology was created to care for the rapidly growing collection. In 1881, the United States National Museum was established. Soon thereafter, in 1883, it was broken up into divisions, including the Division of Anthropology. In 1904, Physical Anthropology was added to the Division.

The Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) was created in 1879 as a research unit of the Smithsonian, separating research from collections care. However, during the 1950s, research became a higher priority for the Department of Anthropology and, in 1965, the BAE was merged with the Department of Anthropology to create the Office of Anthropology, and the BAE's archives became the National Anthropological Archives (NAA).

In 1967, the United States National Museum was broken up into three separate museums: the Musuem of History and Technology (now the National Museum of American History), the National Museum of American Art, and the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). The Office of Anthropology was included in NMNH and was renamed the Department of Anthropology in 1968.

New divisions were added to the Department, including the Human Studies Film Archives (HSFA) in 1981, the Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies (RIIES) in 1982, and the Repatriation Office in 1993. In 1983, the Smithsonian opened the Museum Support Center (MSC) in Suitland, Maryland, as offsite housing for collections with specialized storage facilities and conservation labs.

The Department of Anthropology is currently the largest department within NMNH. It has three curatorial divisions (Ethnology, Archaeology, and Biological Anthropology) and its staff includes curators, research assistants, program staff, collections specialists, archivists, repatriation tribal liaisons, and administrative specialists. It has a number of outreach and research arms, including the Repatriation Office, Recovering Voices, Human Origins, and the Arctic Studies Center.

The Museum is home to one of the world's largest anthropology collections, with over three million specimens in archaeology, ethnology, and human skeletal biology. The NAA is the Smithsonian's oldest archival repository, with materials that reflect over 150 years of anthropological collecting and fieldwork. The HSFA is the only North American archive devoted exclusively to the collection and preservation of anthropological film and video.

Sources Consulted

National Museum of Natural History. "Department of Anthropology: About" Accessed April 13, 2020. https://naturalhistory.si.edu/research/anthropology/about

National Museum of Natural History. "History of Anthropology at the Smithsonian." Accessed April 13, 2020. https://naturalhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/media/file/history-anthropology-si.pdf

National Museum of Natural History. "History of the Smithsonian Combined Catalog." Accessed April 13, 2020 https://sirismm.si.edu/siris/sihistory.htm

Chronology

1846 -- The Smithsonian Institution is founded

1879 -- George Catlin bequeaths his collection to the Smithsonian The Section of Ethnology is established to oversee ethnological and archaeological collections The Bureau of Ethnology is established by Congress as a research unit of the Smithsonian

1881 -- The U.S. National Museum (USNM) is established as a separate entity within the Smithsonian Institution

1883 -- The staff and collections of the USNM are reorganized into divisions, including a Division of Anthropology

1897 -- The United States National Museum is reorganized into three departments: Anthropology headed by W. H. Holmes; Biology with F. W. True as head; and Geology with G. P. Merrill in charge The Bureau of Ethnology is renamed the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) to emphasize the geographic limit of its interests

1903 -- The Division of Physical Anthropology established

1904 -- The Division of Physical Anthropology is incorporated into the Division of Anthropology

1910 -- The USNM moves into the new Natural History Building

1965 -- The Smithsonian Office of Anthropology is created on February 1 The BAE is eliminated and merged with the Office of Anthropology

1968 -- The Smithsonian Office of Anthropology (SOA) of the National Museum of Natural History is retitled the Department of Anthropology on October 29

1973 -- The Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies (RIIES) is established at the National Museum of Natural History's (NMNH) Center for the Study of Man (CSM) to study the waves of immigration to the United States and its overseas outposts that began in the 1960's

1975 -- The National Anthropological Film Center is established

1981 -- The National Anthropological Film Center is incorporated into the Department of Anthropology

1982 -- The RIIES, part of the CSM at the NMNH, is transferred to the Department of Anthropology

1991 -- NMNH establishes a Repatriation Office

1993 -- The Repatriation Office is incorporated into the Department of Anthropology

Head Curators and Department Chairs

1897-1902 -- William Henry Holmes

1902-1903 -- Otis T. Mason (acting)

1904-1908 -- Otis T. Mason

1908-1909 -- Walter Hough (acting)

1910-1920 -- William Henry Holmes

1920-1923 -- Walter Hough (acting)

1923-1935 -- Walter Hough

1935-1960 -- Frank M. Setzler

1960-1962 -- T. Dale Stewart

1963-1965 -- Waldo R. Wedel

1965-1967 -- Richard Woodbury

1967-1970 -- Saul H. Riesenberg

1970-1975 -- Clifford Evans

1975-1980 -- William W. Fitzhugh

1980-1985 -- Douglas H. Ubelaker

1985-1988 -- Adrienne L. Kaeppler

1988-1992 -- Donald J. Ortner

1992-1999 -- Dennis Stanford

1999-2002 -- Carolyn L. Rose

2002-2005 -- William W. Fitzhugh

2005-2010 -- J. Daniel Rogers

2010-2014 -- Mary Jo Arnoldi

2014-2018 -- Torbin Rick

2018-2022 -- Igor Krupnik

2022-2023 -- Laurie Burgess

2022- -- Richard Potts
Related Materials:
The NAA holds collections of former head curators and department chairs, including the papers of Otis Tufton Mason, Walter Hough, T. Dale Stewart, Waldo Rudolph and Mildred Mott Wedel, Saul H. Riesenberg, Clifford Evans, and Donald J. Ortner; the photographs of Frank Maryl Setzler; and the Richard B. Woodbury collection of drawings of human and animal figures.

Other related collections at the NAA include the papers of Gordon D. Gibson, Eugene I. Knez, and Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans; and the records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Center for the Study of Man, and the River Basin Surveys.
Provenance:
This collection was transferred to the National Anthropological Archives (NAA) by the National Museum of Natural History's Department of Anthropology in multiple accessions.
Restrictions:
Some materials are restricted.

Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Anthropology  Search this
Ethnology  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Citation:
Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.XXXX.0311
See more items in:
Department of Anthropology records
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3da0f5297-c324-47c1-96dd-171f6edd11b6
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-xxxx-0311

Mary Douglas Nicol Leakey (1913-1996) and her husband Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey (1903-1972)

Creator:
National Geographic Society (U.S.)  Search this
Subject:
Leakey, Mary D (Mary Douglas) 1913-1996  Search this
Leakey, L. S. B (Louis Seymour Bazett) 1903-1972  Search this
Type:
Black-and-white photographs
Topic:
Women anthropologists  Search this
Women archaeologists  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Anthropology  Search this
Local number:
SIA Acc. 90-105 [SIA2008-5182]
Restrictions & Rights:
No access restrictions Many of SIA's holdings are located off-site, and advance notice is recommended to consult a collection. Please email the SIA Reference Team at osiaref@si.edu
Copyright Not Evaluated
Data Source:
Smithsonian Institution Archives
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_arc_297363

Donald J. Ortner Papers

Creator:
Ortner, Donald J.  Search this
Names:
Paleopathology Association  Search this
Smithsonian Institution Department of Anthroplogy  Search this
University of Bradford  Search this
Frohlich, Bruno, 1945-  Search this
Putschar, Walter G. J., 1904-1987  Search this
Extent:
44.37 Linear feet (96 boxes, 3 map-folders)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Maps
Photographs
Slides (photographs)
Negatives (photographic)
Manuscripts
Sound recordings
Correspondence
Place:
Virginia
England
Jordan
Peru
Date:
1963-2013
Summary:
The Donald J. Ortner Papers, dated 1963 to 2013, document his research and professional activities while working in the Division of Physical Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History. They primarily deal with his contributions to the field of paleopathology and his work with specimens from Bab edh-Dhra, Jordan and Chichester, England. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence, files related to Ortner's publications, specimen observations and analysis, and photographs.
Scope and Contents:
The Donald J. Ortner Papers primarily document his projects, research, and correspondence working as a biological anthropologist in the Division of Physical Anthropology of the Department of Anthropology from 1963 until his death in 2012. The bulk of the projects represented relate to his work in paleopathology, such as the Near Eastern skeletal biology program in Jordan and the medieval skeletal disease project in England. The collection consists of notes, research materials, correspondence, data and data analysis, transcripts of specimen observations, maps, blueprints, artwork, negatives, slides, photographs, CD-Roms, floppy discs, and sound cassettes.
Arrangement:
This collection is arranged in 8 series: Series 1. Correspondence, 1966-2012; Series 2. Subject files, 1965-2013, undated; Series 3. Near Eastern Skeletal Biology Program, 1977-2010, undated; Series 4. Medieval Skeletal Disease Project, 1988-2006, undated; Series 5. Other publications, projects, and research, 1963-2011, undated; Series 6. Professional activities, 1971-2007, undated; Series 7. Biographical and office files, 1963-2011, undated; Series 8. Artwork, 1978, undated
Biographical Note:
Donald J. Ortner was a biological anthropologist in the Department of Anthropology at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). By the time of his death, Ortner had served in many positions at the Museum, including Acting Director (1994-1996). His areas of expertise included human paleopathology, human health in medieval England, bioarcheology of the ancient Near East, and the history and evoluton of human infectious diseases. Ortner was a founding member of the Paleopathology Association.

Ortner was born in 1938 in Stoneham, Massachusetts and arrived at the NMNH in 1963, working primarily with J. Lawrence Angel who had recently started as Curator in the Division of Physical Anthropology. While working at the Museum, Ortner completed his Master's in Anthropology in 1967 and received his Ph.D. from the University of Kansas in 1970. His doctoral dissertation was on The Effects of Aging and Disease on the Micromorphology of Human Compact Bone.

Ortner worked with Walter G. J. Putschar, a pathologist based at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, on a series of short-courses (1971-1974) on paleopathology at the Smithsonian. During the summer of 1974, Putschar and Ortner traveled to Europe (London, Edinburgh, Zurich, Strasbourg, Vienna, Prague) studying and photographing examples of skeletal pathology in museums and other repositories. The result of this research was the book Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains published in 1981, with later editions in 1985 and 2003.

In 1977, Ortner joined the Expedition to the Dead Sea Plain directed by archaeologists Walter E. Rast and R. Thomas Schaub, focusing on the site of Bab edh-Dhra. Ortner studied the tombs and skeletons for data indicating cultural and biological changes, especially urbanization and connection to the development of other "Western civilizations." Ortner participated in two more field seasons in Bab edh-Dhra in 1979 and 1981. From his research at Bab-edh-Dhra, Ortner published many scholarly articles and recreated two tombs for the Hall of Western Civilization at NMNH.

In 1988, Ortner began his collaboration with the University of Bradford in Bradford, England, teaching short-courses on paleopathology. While a Visiting Professor at the University, he also participated in a project on human health and disease in Medieval England. The project focused on leprosy and syphilis in skeletons from St. James Hospital's leprosarium cemetery in Chichester, Wharram Perry, and Magistrates' Court in Kingston-upon-Hull. He received an Honorary Doctorate of Science from the University in 1995.

Donald J. Ortner died on April 29th, 2012 in Maryland.

Sources consulted:

Ubelaker, D. H. "Obituary: Donald J. Ortner (1938–2012)." American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 149 (2012): 155–156.

Arnoldi, Mary Jo and Ann Kaupp. "Donald J. Ortner, Sr. (1939-2012)." Anthropolog: Newsletter of the Department of Anthropology, Spring 2012: 1-3.

Chronology

1938 -- Born on August 23 in Stoneham, Massachusetts.

1960 -- Received B.A. in Zoology from Columbia Union College in Takoma Park, Maryland.

1963 -- Began working at the Smithsonian Institution.

1967 -- Received M.A. in Anthropology from Syracuse University.

1969 -- Promoted to Assistant Curator.

1970 -- Received Ph.D. from the University of Kansas.

1971 -- Promoted to Associate Curator.

1971-1975 -- Taught part-time at the University of Maryland.

1974 -- Spent summer with Dr. Walter G. J. Putschar studying pathological specimens in Europe.

1976 -- Promoted to Curator in the Anthropology Department, National Museum of Natural History.

1977 -- First field season at Bab edh-Dhra cemetery site in Jordan.

1979 -- Second field season at Bab edh-Dhra cemetery site in Jordan.

1981 -- Third field season at Bab edh-Dhra cemetery site in Jordan.

1988 -- Began association with the University of Bradford in Bradford, England.

1988-1992 -- Chairman of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History.

1994-1996 -- Acting Director of the National Museum of Natural History.

1995 -- Awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science degree from the University of Bradford.

1999-2001 -- President of the Paleopathology Association.

2005 -- Received Eve Cockburn Award from the Paleopathology Association in recognition of his contributions in the field of paleopathology.

2012 -- Died on April 29 in Maryland.
Related Materials:
The following photo lots depicting Donald J. Ortner can be found at the NAA:

Photo Lot 7D: Photograph of attendees after American Anthropological Association annual meeting, 1965

Photo Lot 7A: Portraits made at the annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 1970

Photo Lot 77-45: Photograph of Smithsonian Institution physical anthropologists, circa 1977

Photo Lot 4822: Division of Physical Anthropology collection of photographs of physical anthropologists, undated

Sound recordings of Donald J. Ortner at the NAA:

John Lawrence Angel Papers, Sound Recordings, "How Humans Adapt: A Biocultural Odyssey," November 9, 1981

Other collections at the NAA in which Donald J. Ortner is a correspondent or creator of material:

Records of the Department of Anthropology, 1877-1980

Department of Anthropology Annual Reports, 1920-1983

John Lawrence Angel Papers, 1930s-1980s

Three films that document Ortner's work in Bab edh-Dhra are located in the Human Studies Film Archives (HSFA):

Film number 2000.9.1, The Bones of Bab edh-Dhra, ca. 1970s

Film number 2000.9.3, Bab edh-Dhra Film Project, 1970-1980

Film number 2014.3, City of the Dead, 1978

The Smithsonian Institution Archives holds the original City of the Dead in Accession 05-282, Office of Telecommunications, Productions.
Provenance:
These papers were transferred to the NAA from the Department of Anthropology in 2014.
Restrictions:
The Donald J. Ortner Papers are open for research.

Access to the Donald J. Ortner Papers requires an appointment.

Requests to view forensic files are subject to review by the NAA. Forensic files can only be viewed in the National Anthropological Archives reading room. No copies are permitted unless permission is granted by the agency the report was written for.

Electronic records are unavailable for research. Please contact the reference archivist for additional information.

Use of audiovisual recordings with no duplicate access copy requires advance notice.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Anthropologists -- United States  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Human remains (Archaeology)  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Middle East  Search this
Scurvy  Search this
Leprosy -- Research  Search this
Physical anthropology  Search this
Bāb edh-Dhrā Site (Jordan)  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- England  Search this
Forensic anthropology  Search this
Paleopathology  Search this
Bronze age  Search this
Chichester (England)  Search this
Diseases  Search this
Genre/Form:
Maps
Photographs
Slides (photographs)
Negatives (photographic)
Manuscripts
Sound recordings
Correspondence
Citation:
Donald J. Ortner Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
NAA.2014-07
See more items in:
Donald J. Ortner Papers
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw34f215cb8-26a6-4988-9af5-a94af54f4ac3
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-2014-07

General and Miscellaneous Materials

Creator:
Harrington, John Peabody, 1884-1961  Search this
Names:
Santa Barbara Mission  Search this
Anza, Juan Bautista de, 1735-1788  Search this
Cabrillo, Juan Rodríguez, -1543  Search this
Collection Creator:
Harrington, John Peabody, 1884-1961  Search this
Extent:
19 Boxes
Culture:
Indians of North America -- California  Search this
Chumash  Search this
Mojave (Mohave)  Search this
Chemehuevi  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Field notes
Place:
Santa Barbara (Calif.)
California -- History
California -- Languages
California -- Gold discoveries
Date:
circa 1907-circa 1957
Scope and Contents:
This subseries is part of the Southern California/Basin series within the John P. Harrington papers.

The largest body of material stems from his 1928 publication, "Exploration of the Burton Mound at Santa Barbara, California." This section (former B.A.E. MS 4554a) contains the manuscript, photographs and catalogs of Burton Mound artifacts, and related notes. Between 1923 and 1926, Harrington interviewed almost one hundred people on Burton Mound and other Santa Barbara sites. Records of these interviews are arranged alphabetically by the name of the person with whom he spoke (former B.A.E. MS 3209pt.) Notes on those interviewed in groups have been placed at the end of the alphabetic portion. There are also field notes and notebooks of co-workers David Banks Rogers and George W. Bayley (former B.A.E. MS 4633pts). Data concerning other Santa Barbara sites are included.

Another section of the subseries pertains to early California history, particularly relating to the ancient occupancy of the Chumash Indians. There are notes and several papers that he prepared on the Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo expedition of 1542-1543. There are also notes on other explorers and diarists such as Garces, Drake, Vizcaino, Portola, Costanzo, Crespi, Vancouver, Menzies, de Anza, Font, Fages, Zalvidea, and Duflot de Mofras. Incidental notes concern the discovery of gold in California, the 1921 reminiscences of de Anza descendents, notes from the archives of the Santa Barbara Mission, and some Spanish geographic terms in the Garces diary. A last section deals with comments on verification of the English translations in Herbert E. Bolton's (1930) five-volume work, Anza's California Expeditions. A few Chumash terms found in the Font diary were reheard in 1935 with Isabelle Meadows (abbreviated "Iz."), a Costanoan informant. There are also a number of secondary sources on California history.

The linguistic and ethnographic notes include a fairly substantial accumulation of notes on tribenames organized in 1946 and 1947 (former B.A.E. MS 3900 pt.) It represents an attempt to identify ethnic names applied to California tribes principally by Mohave and Chemehuevi informants. Some tribenames were given in Cahuilla, Paiute, Cupeno, Diegueno, Juaneno, Luiseno (abbreviated "R."), and Washo. Other materials include Koso (Panamint), Rio Chiquito (Tubatulabal), and Tataviam vocabulary; biographical notes; notes from Harrington's attempt to etymologize the four known words of the San Nicolas Island language using comparative terms in Cahuilla, Luiseno, Cupeno, and Gabrielino; reading notes; and rehearings of English texts with speakers of Luiseno, Cahuilla, Serrano, Gabrielino, and Diegueno.
Local Numbers:
Accession #1976-95
Restrictions:
No restrictions on access.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Luiseño language  Search this
Cahuilla language  Search this
Serrano language  Search this
Gabrielino language  Search this
Diegueño language  Search this
Cupeño language  Search this
Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this
Linguistics  Search this
Ethnology  Search this
Names, Ethnological  Search this
Genre/Form:
Field notes
Collection Citation:
John Peabody Harrington papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
The preferred citation for the Harrington Papers will reference the actual location within the collection, i.e. Box 172, Alaska/Northwest Coast, Papers of John Peabody Harrington, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

However, as the NAA understands the need to cite phrases or vocabulary on specific pages, a citation referencing the microfilmed papers is acceptable. Please note that the page numbering of the PDF version of the Harrington microfilm does not directly correlate to the analog microfilm frame numbers. If it is necessary to cite the microfilmed papers, please refer to the specific page number of the PDF version, as in: Papers of John Peabody Harrington, Microfilm: MF 7, R34 page 42.
Identifier:
NAA.1976-95, Subseries 3.15
See more items in:
John Peabody Harrington papers
John Peabody Harrington papers / Series 3: Papers relating to the Native American history, language and culture of southern California and Basin
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3117ea62b-1853-4ded-99d8-16c1a2894f23
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-1976-95-ref14430

Cynthia Irwin-Williams papers

Creator:
Irwin-Williams, Cynthia  Search this
Irwin, Henry T.  Search this
Names:
Eastern New Mexico University (Portales, N.M.)  Search this
San Juan Valley Archaeological Project  Search this
Society for American Archaeology  Search this
University of Nevada. Desert Research Institute  Search this
Extent:
111.67 Linear feet (192 document boxes, 4 oversize boxes, 18 shoeboxes, 4 small index card boxes, 5 negative boxes, 4 map folders, 30 rolled items, and 6 1/2 restricted boxes)
3 Floppy discs
9 Cassette tapes
1 Sound tape reel (3")
Culture:
Southwest (archaeological)  Search this
Oshara Archaic Tradition (archaeological culture)  Search this
Pueblo (Anasazi) (archaeological)  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Floppy discs
Cassette tapes
Sound tape reels
Place:
Valsequillo (Puebla, Mexico)
Hell Gap Site (Wyo.)
Salmon Site (N.M.)
Rio Puerco River (New Mexico) -- Archeology
Date:
1936-1990
Summary:
Cynthia Irwin-Williams was a pioneer for women in the field of archaeology. Her main interest was the Paleo-Indian culture of North America (specifically the Southwest), but she also did extensive work in Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) culture. This collection includes materials related to Irwin-Williams' research; her work at Eastern New Mexico University and The Desert Research Institute; her coursework at Radcliffe and Harvard; and her work for the Society of American Archaeology, the American Anthropological Association, the American Quaternary Association, Africa Tomorrow, and other organizations.
Scope and Contents:
The Cynthia Irwin-Williams papers contain fieldnotes, photographs, maps, notes, computer analyses, drafts of articles, articles and papers, grant proposals, index cards, personal and professional correspondence, administrative materials, lecture and research notes, student papers and theses, certificates and awards, biographical and autobiographical materials, and sound recordings. These materials relate to her research (primarily archaeological), associations of which she was a member (including the Society of American Archaeology, the American Anthropological Association, the American Quaternary Association, and Africa Tomorrow), conferences at which she participated, and coursework from Radcliffe and Harvard. The collection also includes some materials which belonged to her brother, Henry Irwin, who predeceased her. These materials are composed of his diplomas and some annotated articles and papers.

Irwin-Williams was a prolific letter writer and many folders include multiple drafts of her correspondence. Of particular interest is the correspondence between Irwin-Williams and her mother, Eleanor "Kay" Irwin. The two were very close and corresponded almost daily during the two years when Irwin-Williams was in Massachusetts and her mother was in Colorado. Of special note in the collection are materials which relate to the difficulties faced by women in the field of archaeology, such as the autobiographical section of her CV.

The collection does not include much material on her work at Magic Mountain, as these papers are housed at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Many of the materials related to her work at Salmon Ruins are housed at the San Juan County Research Center and Library. The only expedition for which this collection holds complete fieldnotes for Irwin-Williams and her team is Valsequillo.
Sensitivity statement:
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Please note that this collection contains images of human remains.
Arrangement:
This collection is arranged in 8 series: 1) Research, 1936-1990, undated; 2) Writings, 1940-circa 1990, undated; 3) Associations and conferences, 1962-1989, undated; 4) Professional, 1960-1990, undated; 5) Coursework, 1954-1961, undated; 6) Correspondence, 1940-1941, 1959-1989, undated; 7) Photographs and Artwork, 1939, 1964-1990, undated; and 8) Sound recordings, 1980, undated
Biographical Note:
Cynthia Irwin-Williams was a pioneer for women in the field of archaeology. Her main interest was the Paleo-Indian culture of North America (specifically the Southwest), but she also did extensive work in Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) culture. She was born in Denver, Colorado, in 1936 and suffered from severe asthma for the first ten years of her life (Williams, 4). She and her brother, Henry Irwin, spent several summers during their childhood living with the Hopi in northeastern Arizona, which helped her to develop an interest in archaeology. She began taking part in amateur archaeological investigations through the Colorado Archaeological Society when she was in 5th grade and continued to do so through high school (Williams, 6). She organized an archaeology club while in high school and persuaded H. Marie Wormington, Herbert Dick, and Ruth Underhill to assist (Williams, 7). Irwin-Williams and her brother also volunteered for Dr. Wormington at the Denver Museum of Natural History throughout high school, eventually assisting Wormington at a dig in western Colorado (Williams, 7). Dr. Wormington became a friend and role model for Irwin-Williams, advising her on her education and career. Irwin-Williams also had a close relationship with her mother, Eleanor "Kay" Irwin, who frequently travelled and worked digs with her daughter, and her brother, Henry Irwin, with whom she worked many archaeological sites and published numerous papers.

Irwin-Williams earned her BA (1957) and MA (1958) in Anthropology from Radcliffe College and was one of the first three women, in any field, to earn her PhD (1963) from Harvard University (previously, women could only receive PhD degrees from Radcliffe). She had difficulty gaining a place in a fieldschool during her graduate work due to her gender, despite having experience under the guidance of H. Marie Wormington in high school and college, but eventually gained a place as a volunteer graduate student on the dig of one of her professors at L'Abri Pataud in France in 1958 (likely under Dr. Hallam Movius). She was disappointed that, unlike the male students, she was expected to perform secretarial work and menial tasks (Williams, 10). As a result of this experience, she chose to run her own excavations and stated that it taught her "how not to run a project" (Williams, 10). This experience also caused her to change her field of study to the New World and her advisor to J. O. Brew (Williams, 11).

While Irwin-Williams and her brother were in college and graduate school, they and their mother, under the supervision of H. Marie Wormington, spent summers excavating the LoDaisKa site in Colorado, providing their own equipment (Williams, 9). The first major excavation which she headed was at Valsequillo, where she worked from 1962 to 1966. Valsequillo, in Puebla, Mexico, is a stone age site dated to approximately 25,000 years ago (the dating of the site has been controversial). Her largest excavation was at Salmon Ruin; this site was almost destroyed when the land was purchased by a developer in 1967 who intended to "divide the ruin into 10-foot squares and sell 'digging rights'" (Irwin-Williams, 19). After a local non-profit, the San Juan County Museum Association, saved the site, they asked Irwin-Williams to run the excavations in 1969 (Irwin-Williams, 20).

The excavations she led were known for being inclusive, as her crews included men and women, people of multiple races and ethnicities, and people with disabilities (Williams, 16). She was also known for her ability to work well with volunteers and amateurs (Williams, 19). Another talent of hers was finding grant funding from unusal sources, which she attributed to the limited employment and fieldwork opportunities faced by female archaeologists in the 1960s (Profile of an Anthropologist, 7).

In addition to her fieldwork, Irwin-Williams taught anthropology, first at Hunter College (1963-1964), while holding a fellowship at the American Museum of Natural History and commuting from Princeton where her husband worked, and then at Eastern New Mexico University (1964-1982), at which time "she commute[d] nearly five hundred miles each weekend between her home in Albuquerque, where she live[d] four days a week with her husband, and her apartment in Portales, where she [taught] three days a week." (Williams, 1). She then became Executive Director of the Social Sciences Center, Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada. Under her supervision, the Social Sciences Center (later renamed the Quaternary Science Center) expanded substantially, eventually employing more than five times the staff it had when she began (Teague, 90). Irwin-Williams also held numerous professional offices including President of the Society for American Archaeology (1977-1979). She was known for her interdisciplinary work and had an interest in the environmental impact of human society and water harvesting techniques. These interests led her to become a member of the executive committee of Africa Tomorrow Inc., a nonprofit devoted to the Sahel region of Africa, and to lobby Congress to pass a bill to create a pilot project focused on water harvesting (Teague, 90).

Irwin-Williams also had a keen interest in issues which affected women. After going into recovery for alcoholism, she became an accredited counselor and served as a part-time substance abuse counselor from 1982 through 1989. She also brought this interest to her research, studying the genetic and environmental causes of alcoholism as well as the effects of alcoholism on families, conducting a study funded by the Stout Foundation entitled "Breaking the Chain: Defining Effective Education for Adult Children of Alcoholics." Her interest in studying health conditions which affected women did not end with alcoholism. A sufferer of migraines, she researched their causes and treatments in a study entitled "Biochemistry, Population Parameters, and Treatment of Migraine Headache."

During the final few years of her life, she suffered from a respiratory illness which interfered with her work, causing her to step down from her position as director of the Quaternary Science Center at the Desert Research Institute in 1988 and to take a sabbatical in 1989. She died in 1990 at the age of 54.

Sources cited

Curriculum Vitae of Cynthia Irwin-Williams, Cynthia Irwin Williams papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Irwin-Williams, "How Salmon Ruin Was Saved." Early Man (Autumn 1981): 18-23.

"Profile of an Anthropologist: Research Archeologist Begins Career Looking for Supplementary Income." Anthropology Newsletter (May 1981): 7.

Teague, Lynn. "Cynthia Irwin-Williams." Kiva 56, no. 1 (1990): 87-91.

Williams, Barbara. "Cynthia Irwin-Williams." In Breakthrough: Women in Archaeology. New York: Walker and Company, 1981.

Wormington, H. M. and George Agogino. "Cynthia Irwin-Williams: 1936-1990." American Antiquity 59, no. 4 (1994): 667-671.

1936 April 14 -- Born in Denver, Colorado

1957 -- BA from Radcliffe College in Anthropology, Magna Cum Laude

1958 -- MA from Radcliffe College in Anthropology Excavations in France

1958-1960 -- Excavations at LoDaisKa Site, Colorado

1959-1960 -- Director, Central Mexico Project, Harvard University Co-Director, Magic Mountain Project, Peabody Museum Excavations at Magic Mountain, Colorado

1960-1961 -- Co-Director, UP Mammoth Kill Site, Rawlins, Wyoming

1961-1966 -- Co-Director, Hell Gap Paleo-Indian Project in Wyoming, Peabody Museum

1962-1966 -- Excavations at Valsequillo in Puebla, Mexico Excavations at Hell Gap, Wyoming

1962-1968 -- Co-Director of Research on the Archaeology, Geology, and Paleontology of the Valsequillo Region, Pueblo, Mexico

1963 -- PhD from Harvard University in Anthropology

1963-1964 -- Lecturer in Anthropology, Hunter College Ogden Mills Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship, American Museum of Natural History

1964-1967 -- Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Eastern New Mexico University

1964-1973 -- Director, Eastern New Mexico University Project on Anasazi Origins

1966 -- Director, Valsequillo Project (Harvard University, Eastern New Mexico University, University of Puebla)

1967-1972 -- Associate Professor of Anthropology, Eastern New Mexico University

1969-1970 -- Member of the Executive Council, American Quaternary Association

1969-1972 -- Director, Eastern New Mexico University Program of Early Agriculture in the Tularosa Valley, New Mexico

1969-1974 -- Member of the Committee on the Status of Women in Anthropology, American Anthropological Association

1970-1979 -- Excavations at Salmon Ruins

1970-1980 -- Director, Eastern New Mexico University - San Juan Museum Association - San Juan Valley Archaeological Program; Salmon Ruin Project

1970-1981 -- Director, Eastern New Mexico University Program on Pueblo Settlement in the Puerco River Valley, New Mexico

1972-1977 -- Professor of Anthropology, Eastern New Mexico University

1973-1975 -- Member of the Executive Committee, Society for American Archaeology Member of the Committee on the Status of Women in American Archaeology, Society for American Archaeology

1973-1976 -- Member of the American Anthropological Association Nominations Committee Member of the Committee on Native American Relations, Society for American Archaeology

1974-1976 -- Director, Agency for Conservation Archaeology, Eastern New Mexico University Director, Division of Conservation Archaeology, San Juan County Museum

1974-1978 -- Member of the Executive Council, American Quaternary Association

1977-1979 -- President, Society for American Archaeology Member of the Coordinating Council of American Archaeological Societies Member of the Research Panel, Anthropology Program, National Science Foundation

1977-1982 -- Distinguished Professor of Anthropology, Eastern New Mexico University

1978-1980 -- Member of the Research Panel, Integrated Basic Research Program, National Science Foundation

1978-1990 -- Member of the Board of Advisors, Center for Field Research

1979-1981 -- Member of the Museum Development Panel, National Endowment for the Humanities

1979-1985 -- Chairman of the Committee on Federal Archaeology, Society for American Archaeology

1980-1982 -- Member of the Media Panel, National Endowment for the Humanities

1981-1983 -- Member of the Research Panel, Archaeometry Program, National Science Foundation

1982-1988 -- Executive Director, Social Sciences Center / Quaternary Sciences Center, Desert Research Institute

1982-1989 -- Adjunct Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno Principal Investigator, Desert Research Institute Archaic Oshara Project

1983-1985 -- Chairman, Society for American Archaeology / Bureau of Land Management / National Coal Association and Surface Mining Committee Conference on Archaeology

1983-1986 -- Member of the Executive Committee, Nevada Council on Professional Archaeology

1984 -- Member of the Nominations Committee, Society of Professional Archaeologists

1984-1986 -- Coordinator and Organizer of Regional Conferences on Cultural Resource Management, Society for American Archaeology

1985-1990 -- Principal Investigator, Desert Research Institute-Bureau of Land Management, Project on Climactic Stress and Human Population on the Middle Puerco River, New Mexico Co-Director, Investigations on Prehistoric Water Harvesting Devices near Fallon, Nevada, and their contemporary applications Member of the Executive Board, Africa Tomorrow Inc.

1986 -- Chairman, Society for American Archaeology Summary Symposium on Cultural Resources Management

1986-1990 -- Co-Principal Investigator, Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Program, Desert Research Institute Social Sciences Center

1987 -- Member of the Long-Range Planning Committee, Society for American Archaeology

1987-1990 -- Principal Investigator, Desert Research Institute Project on PaleoIndian Occupation of Northern Nevada Co-Principal Investigator, Nevada State Museum Sunshine Wells Paleo-Indian Project

1989-1990 -- Sabbatical from professorship at the Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno

1990 June 5 -- Died in Reno, Nevada
List of commonly used abbreviations:
This list includes abbreviations commonly used by Irwin-Williams. Many of them have been altered in folder titles to the extended version, but not all have.

AAA - American Anthropological Society

AMQUA - American Quaternary Association

AOPI - Anasazi Origins Project

AOPII - Archaic Oshara Project

BIA - Bureau of Indian Affairs

BLM - Bureau of Land Management

CIW - Cynthia Irwin-Williams

DRI - Desert Research Institute

ENMU - Eastern New Mexico University

EPSCoR - Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, National Science Foundation

HTI - Henry T. Irwin

HUD - Department of Housing and Urban Development

INAH - Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Historia

INQUA - International Quaternary Association

JWP - Journal of World Prehistory

LECAPSR - The Llano Estacado Center for Advanced Professional Studies and Research, Eastern New Mexico University

NEH - National Endowment for the Humanities

NSF - National Science Foundation

PMOA - Programmatic Memorandum of Agreement

PRP - Puerco River Project

QSC - Quaternary Science Center

SAA - Society for American Archaeology

SAR - School of American Research

SJVAP - San Juan Valley Archaeological Project

SOPA - Society of Professional Archaeologists

SSC - Social Sciences Center

SWAA - Southwestern Anthropological Association

UNR - University of Nevada Reno
Related Materials:
The San Juan County Research Center and Library at Salmon Ruins holds the Salmon Ruins collection, papers and information on the archaeological development of Salmon ruins by Cynthia Irwin-Williams.

The American Museum of Natural History, Division of Anthropology Archives holds the Cynthia Irwin-Williams papers, which relate to the manuscript "Pre-ceramic and Early Ceramic Development in Central Mexico."

The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University holds the Magic Mountain Expedition Records.

The University of Wyoming, Anthropology Department holds the UP Mammoth Kill site field notes.

Hannah Marie Wormington papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Dennis J. Stanford and Margaret A. [Pegi] Jodry papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
Provenance:
Received from George Agogino, Michael Bradle, and C. Vance Haynes Jr.
Restrictions:
Materials containing personally identifiable information (predominately grant applications), student grades, references, grant reviews, and employee evaluations have been restricted for eighty years from their date of creation. Materials containing health information for Irwin-Williams have been restricted for fifty years from her date of death.

Audiovisual materials and computer disks are restricted. Please contact the repository for information on the availability of access copies.

Access to the Cynthia Irwin-Williams papers requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Lithics -- American Indian  Search this
Paleo-Indians  Search this
Citation:
Cynthia Irwin-Williams papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.1999-09
See more items in:
Cynthia Irwin-Williams papers
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3c58ee81e-3e9d-45fa-8f54-ff04c774cbea
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-1999-09

General and Miscellaneous Materials

Creator:
Harrington, John Peabody, 1884-1961  Search this
Freire-Marreco, Barbara W. (Barbara Whitchurch), 1879-1967  Search this
Henderson, Junius, 1865-1937  Search this
Collection Creator:
Harrington, John Peabody, 1884-1961  Search this
Extent:
3 Boxes
Culture:
Hualapai -- language  Search this
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New  Search this
Taos Indians  Search this
Tiwa Pueblos  Search this
Tewa Pueblos  Search this
Acoma Pueblo  Search this
Isleta Pueblo  Search this
Hopi Pueblo  Search this
Akimel O'odham (Pima)  Search this
Hualapai (Walapai)  Search this
Yavapai  Search this
Pueblo  Search this
Athapascan Indians  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Field notes
Manuscripts
Vocabulary
Sketches
Place:
Elden Pueblo (Ariz.)
Date:
circa 1907-circa 1957
Scope and Contents:
This subseries of the Southwest series within the John P. Harrington papers contains general and miscellaneous materials. Certain notes in this subseries encompass the Southwest as an entity; others constitute small files of miscellany which do not relate directly to the preceding sets of field notes. Few precise dates are assigned to this section of material as it is based on information accumulated over an indefinite period of time.

One section contains archaeological field notes relating to Elden Pueblo. In 1926 Harrington was called to assist J. W. Fewkes at the excavation of ruins at Elden Pueblo near Flagstaff, Arizona. This set of files comprises the journal entries which Harrington made on an almost daily basis between May 27 and August 27, 1926. There are two sets of notes--the original handwritten ones and a typed copy which was submitted to Fewkes on November 10, 1926 (former B.A.E. MS 6010). The journal contains brief notes, sketches of pits and artifacts, references to photographs, and names of associates; there are no significant linguistic or ethnographic data.

The subseries also contains a comparative list of Taos, Picuris, Isleta, Tewa (San Juan), and Tanoan numerals, based mainly on Harry S. Budd's B.A.E. MS 1028. There are also notes on pueblo basket-making from his interviews with Dr. and Mrs. Colton and Mr. Gladwin (B.A.E. MS 2291) , as well as an account of an Indian scout (Yavapai) working for the U.S. Cavalry. In addition, there is an assortment of notes on photographs, bibliography, and a large chart of pronouns.

Harrington's writings are also present. These include preliminary drafts and notes for "The Southwest Indian Languages" and "The Sounds and Structure of the Aztecan Languages." Most of the information was evidently extracted from notes on hand at the time. Harrington mentioned James Johnson and Edward Hunt, both of whom spoke Acoma-Laguna and worked with him in July and August of 1944. Tom Polacca's son gave Hopi data. There are also a partial draft, notes, and bibliography for an article titled "Indians of the Southwest" (1942). Material relating to unpublished writings includes notes for a review of Mary Roberts Coolidge's The Rain-Makers (1929). An undated draft and notes on "The Southern Athapascan" are also included.

A group of original field notes from Harrington's collaborators were left in his possession; in particular, a group of handwritten slips taken between December 10, 1912, and April 6, 1913, were found in an envelope addressed to Harrington. Barbara Freire-Marreco evidently sent them from Polacca, Arizona, to Harrington in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The content is mainly grammatical, with vocabulary items and ethnographic material interspersed. The language has not been identified. A second set of notes consists of cards and a typed list, evidently compiled by Junius Henderson. The data include animal terms in Hopi (Moki), Pima, and Walapai.
Local Numbers:
Accession #1976-95
Restrictions:
No restrictions on access.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Tanoan languages  Search this
Tiwa language  Search this
Isleta language  Search this
Tewa language  Search this
Laguna dialect  Search this
Acoma dialect  Search this
Hopi language  Search this
Pima language  Search this
Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this
Linguistics  Search this
Basket making  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Numeration  Search this
Genre/Form:
Field notes
Manuscripts
Vocabulary
Sketches
Collection Citation:
John Peabody Harrington papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
The preferred citation for the Harrington Papers will reference the actual location within the collection, i.e. Box 172, Alaska/Northwest Coast, Papers of John Peabody Harrington, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

However, as the NAA understands the need to cite phrases or vocabulary on specific pages, a citation referencing the microfilmed papers is acceptable. Please note that the page numbering of the PDF version of the Harrington microfilm does not directly correlate to the analog microfilm frame numbers. If it is necessary to cite the microfilmed papers, please refer to the specific page number of the PDF version, as in: Papers of John Peabody Harrington, Microfilm: MF 7, R34 page 42.
Identifier:
NAA.1976-95, Subseries 4.12
See more items in:
John Peabody Harrington papers
John Peabody Harrington papers / Series 4: Native American History, Language, and Culture of the Southwest
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw39c14572f-6a9e-42ff-ba40-1f88a00acd31
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-1976-95-ref14711
Online Media:

MS 3146 Edwin Hamilton Davis papers

Creator:
Davis, E. H. (Edwin Hamilton), 1811-1888  Search this
Artist:
Squier, E. G. (Ephraim George), 1821-1888  Search this
Extent:
18 Linear feet (21 folders and 1 box)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Works of art
Drawings
Place:
North America
Central America
South America
Date:
circa 1855-1937
Scope and Contents:
The collection consists primarily of a portfolio of 92 drawings of Davis' collection of artifacts and related documentation. The collection also contains letters to Davis, notes, and drawings relating to Peruvian, Mexican, and Central American artifacts, as well as drawings by Ephraim G. Squier presumably used as references for some of the drawings in the portfolio.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical Note:
Edwin Hamilton Davis (1811-1888) was an archaeologist and physician who is best known for his evcavation of the mounds in the Mississippi Valley and his collection of prehistoric artifacts.

Davis graduated from Cincinnati Medical College in 1838, and practiced medicine in Chillicothe, Ohio. In 1850, he joined the faculty of New York Medical College. He also served as an editor of the American Medical Monthly.

A self-taught archaeologist, in 1836 Davis aided Charles Whittlesey in his explorations of mounds in Ohio. From 1845 to 1847 with Ephraim G. Squier, Davis surveyed nearly one hundred earthworks, including the Serpent Mound in Peebles, Ohio and the Mound City Group in Chillicothe, Ohio. The results of these surveys were published as "Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley" in the Smithsonian's first publication, Contributions to Knowledge, v. 1. In 1854 he delivered a series of lectures on archaeology at the Lowell Institute Boston, and also in Brooklyn and New York City. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1858. Davis gathered a large collection of mound relics, which became part of the collection at the Blackmore Museum in Salisbury (UK). The collection was acquired by the British Museum in 1931.

Davis died in 1888 in New York City and was buried at the Grandview Cemetery, Chillicothe in Ohio.
Exhibition Note:
The portfolio was exhibited by the Florida Archaeology Society and Tampa Bay Museum in 1937.
Related Materials:
The British Museum holds Davis' collection of artifacts, many of which are illustrated in the portfolio.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Mounds  Search this
Genre/Form:
Works of art
Drawings
Citation:
MS 3146 Edwin Hamilton Davis papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.MS3146
See more items in:
MS 3146 Edwin Hamilton Davis papers
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3506f7bf8-d47d-4842-b07e-6b3befa4df9b
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-ms3146
Online Media:

William C. Sturtevant papers

Topic:
Handbook of North American Indians
Creator:
Sturtevant, William C.  Search this
Names:
National Museum of Natural History (U.S.)  Search this
Six Nations  Search this
Extent:
220 Linear feet (The total extent of the collection is 191.41 linear feet (consisting of 473 document boxes and 2 record boxes) plus 254 sound recordings, 94 computer disks, 42 card file boxes, 85 oversize folders, 9 rolled items, 18 binder boxes, and 3 oversize boxes. Of the total extent, 4.79 linear feet (14 boxes) are restricted.)
Culture:
Indians of North America -- Southeast  Search this
Indians of North America  Search this
Iroquois  Search this
Seminole  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Realia
Research
Notes
Office files
Theses
Slides (photographs)
Sound recordings
Exhibition catalogs
Field notes
Clippings
Correspondence
Photographs
Microfilms
Newsletters
Manuscripts
Memorandums
Articles
Card files
Books
Artifacts
Negatives
Date:
1952-2007
Summary:
This collection contains the professional papers of William Curtis Sturtevant and documents his activities as Curator of North American Ethnology at the National Museum of Natural History, his work as the editor-in-chief of the Handbook of North American Indians, his research among the Seminole and Iroquois people, and other professional activities. The collection is comprised of books, sound recordings, research and field notes, realia, artifacts, clippings, microfilm, negatives, slides, photographs, manuscripts, correspondence, memorandums, card files, exhibition catalogs, articles, and bibliographies.
Scope and Contents:
This collection contains the professional papers of William Curtis Sturtevant and documents his activities as Curator of North American Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, his work as the editor-in-chief of the Handbook of North American Indians, his research among the Seminole and Iroquois people, and his involvement in various professional activities. The collection is comprised of research and field notes, sound recordings, realia, clippings, negatives, slides, prints, published and unpublished writings, correspondence, memorandums, conference papers and meeting notes, card files, exhibition catalogs, articles, bibliographies, student files such as class notes and papers from Sturtevant's years as an anthropology student, teaching materials including lecture notes and exams, daily planners, passports, military records, artwork including prints and lithographs, maps, and computer files.

The materials in this collection document Sturtevant's career as a preeminent North American ethnologist, museum curator, university professor, his role as General Editor of the Handbook of North American Indians, and his contributions to the field of Anthropology. From his early work with the Seminole Indians of Florida to his forays into Burma, and his decades-long study of how Native Americans have been depicted in artistic and popular culture, Sturtevant's diverse intellectual interests are represented in his research files. A copious note taker, Sturtevant captured his observations and opinions of everything from meetings with colleagues to museum exhibits. Sturtevant's commitment to the anthropological profession can be found in the notes and programs of the many conferences, symposiums, and lecture series he attended and at which he presented. He also held numerous leadership positions in various professional associations and sat on the board of directors/trustees for several cultural organizations including Survival International and the Museum of the American Indian-Heye Foundation. Sturtevant was respected for his vast knowledge of indigenous peoples and he received a voluminous amount of correspondence from colleagues who often included copies of their papers and grant proposals. He kept many of these works, which, it appears he used as reference material. Sturtevant's own work is reflected in his writings; he published over 200 scholarly papers, articles, and books.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
This collection is organized in 14 series: 1. Correspondence, 1951-2008; 2. Research Files, 1851, 1860s, 1880s, 1890, 1939-2006; 3. Writings, 1952-2006; 4. Professional Activities, 1952-2006; 5. Smithsonian, 1954-2008; 6. Handbook of North American Indians, 1971-2007; 7. Biographical Files, 1933-2007; 8. Student Files, 1944-1985; 9. Subject Files, 1902-2002; 10. Photographs, 1927-2004; 11. Artwork, 1699-1998; 12. Maps, 1949-1975; 13. Sound Recordings, 1950-2000; 14. Computer Files, 1987-2006.
Biographical/Historical note:
William C. Sturtevant (1926-2007), preeminent North American ethnologist, museum curator, and university professor, was best known for his contributions to Seminole ethnology, as curator of North American Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and for his work as the general editor of the Handbook of North American Indians.

Sturtevant's passion for studying Native peoples began at a young age. In third grade "after a class on American Indians, he asked his father what kind of people study Indians, and his father replied, 'Anthropologists.' Sturtevant decided then that he would make anthropology his career" (Merrill 11). After graduating with honors from the University of California at Berkeley in 1949, Sturtevant went on to Yale University to complete his graduate work in anthropology. When it came time to decide on what area of North America he should focus his research, one of his faculty members at Yale, Irving Rouse, "suggested he consider the Seminoles of south Florida. By the end of his first fieldwork season, Sturtevant was convinced that the dearth of ethnographic information about these Seminoles and their status as one of the least acculturated of all North American Indian societies justified ethnographic research among them and offered the possibility of making an important contribution to North American ethnology" (Merrill 13). Sturtevant spent the summers of 1950 and 1951 conducting preliminary fieldwork among the Mikasuki-speaking Seminole and in 1952 he took up temporary residence at Big Cypress Reservation to undertake research for his dissertation, "The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices." This work focused on Seminole medicine, but also included Sturtevant's analysis of Seminole worldview, religion, history, inter-ethnic relations, material culture, economy, kinship, language, and social organization.

In 1954, while he was finishing his dissertation, Sturtevant made the transition from student of anthropology to professional anthropologist. He was hired as an instructor in Yale's Anthropology Department and began his career in museum work as an assistant curator of anthropology at the Yale Peabody Museum. After receiving his PhD from Yale in 1955, Sturtevant moved on to the Smithsonian Institution, where he accepted a position as a research anthropologist at the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE). This position afforded Sturtevant the chance to continue to explore his many research interests in ways that a full time professorship or museum curatorship could not. Over the next ten years he studied the Catawba in South Carolina; the Seneca and Cayuga nations of the Iroquois League in New York, Oklahoma, and Ontario; continued his work with the Seminole; visited European museums to examine early ethnographic examples and possible European prototypes of eastern North American Indian material culture; and spent a year in Burma. In 1963, Sturtevant and his wife, Theda Maw, the daughter of a prominent Burmese family, took their three young children to Burma so that they could visit with Maw's family. Sturtevant took this as an opportunity to branch out from his Native American research and spent the year visiting neighborhoods in Rangoon and villages in the surrounding countryside, examining archival materials, studying the Burmese language, learning about Burmese clothing and other aspects of the culture, and taking photographs. He also collected 386 items of clothing and other objects for the Smithsonian.

When Sturtevant returned from Burma, he found the BAE had been dissolved. In 1965, he was transferred from the now-defunct BAE to the Department of Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), where he became curator of North American Ethnology, a position he held for the next forty-two years. During his tenure at NMNH Sturtevant oversaw all the North American ethnology collections, planned exhibitions, served on committees, and sponsored interns and fellows. One of Sturtevant's primary duties at NMNH was serving as the General Editor of the Handbook of North American Indians, "a major multi-volume reference work summarizing anthropological, linguistic, and historical knowledge about native peoples north of Mexico" (Jackson). Each volume was designed to represent a geographic or topical area of Americanist study. As General Editor, Sturtevant selected volume editors, chapter authors, oversaw office staff, and proofread manuscripts over the course of production.

Besides focusing on the Handbook, much of Sturtevant's time was taken up by responsibilities he held outside the Institution. Sturtevant was extremely involved in professional anthropological associations and held many leadership positions. Fresh out of graduate school, he began a three-year term on the Board of Governors of the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1957. He later became a member of the executive committee of the Florida Anthropological Society, served as book-review editor and associate editor of the American Anthropologist from 1962-1968, was a member of the American Anthropological Association's Committee on Anthropological Research in Museums and was both vice president and president of the committee once it became the Council for Museum Anthropology, was on the American Anthropological Association's Committee on Archives, served three terms on the Board of Trustees of the Museum of the American Indian-Heye Foundation from 1976-1982 and was appointed to a fourth term between 1984 and 1986, and sat on the Board of Directors of Survival International from 1982-1988. He was President of the American Society for Ethnohistory, the American Ethnological Society, the American Anthropological Association, and the Anthropological Society of Washington. Sturtevant also taught classes at Johns Hopkins University as an adjunct professor in the Department of Anthropology, served as a consultant on exhibits at other museums, and reviewed manuscripts for scholarly publications.

Sturtevant remained active in the profession throughout his later years. After divorcing Theda Maw in 1986, he married Sally McLendon, a fellow anthropologist, in 1990 and they undertook several research projects together. Sturtevant was recognized for his dedication and contributions to the field of anthropology in 1996 when he was awarded an honorary doctorate in humane letters by Brown University, and in 2002 when his colleagues published a festschrift in his honor, Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant.

Sturtevant died on March 2, 2007 at the Collingswood Nursing and Rehabilitation Center in Rockville, MD after suffering from emphysema.

Sources Consulted

Estrada, Louie. 2007. William C. Sturtevant; Expert on Indians. Washington Post, March 17. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/16/AR2007031602273.html, accessed August 31, 2012.

Jackson, Jason Baird. 2007. William C. Sturtevant (1926-2007). http://museumanthropology.blogspot.com/2007/03/william-c-sturtevant-1926-2007.html, accessed August 31, 2012.

Merrill, William L. 2002. William Curtis Sturtevant, Anthropologist. In Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant. William L. Merrill and Ives Goddard, eds. Pp. 11-36. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

1926 -- Born July 26 in Morristown, NJ

1944 -- Entered the University of California at Berkeley as a second-semester freshman

1944 -- Attended summer school at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico in Mexico City where he took courses on Mexican archaeology and South American ethnology

1945 -- Drafted into the United States Navy

1946 -- Received an honorable discharge from the Navy with the rank of pharmacist's mate third class and returned to UC Berkeley

1947 -- Attended the University of New Mexico's summer field school in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico

1949 -- January: Received his Bachelor's degree with honors in anthropology from UC Berkeley

1949 -- Began graduate studies at Yale University

1950-1951 -- Spent the summers of 1950 and 1951 in Florida conducting fieldwork among the Mikasuki-speaking Seminole

1951 -- Conducted his first research study of the Iroquois, a classification of Seneca musical instruments, their construction and use, with Harold Conklin

1952 -- May: Moved to Big Cypress Reservation in Florida to conduct research for his dissertation. He focused on Seminole medicine, but also collected physical anthropological data such as blood-type frequencies, handedness, and color blindness

1952 -- July 26: Married Theda Maw

1954 -- Hired by Yale University as an instructor in the Department of Anthropology and as an assistant curator of anthropology in the Yale Peabody Museum

1955 -- Received PhD in anthropology from Yale University

1956 -- Joined the staff of the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) as a research anthropologist

1957 -- Began a three-year term on the Board of Governors of the Anthropological Society of Washington

1957 -- Traveled to Rock Hill, South Carolina to collect linguistic data from Sam Blue, the last member of the Catawba tribe to have maintained some proficiency in the Catawba language. While there, he made a small collection of Catawba pottery for the United States National Museum

1957-1958 -- Spent seven weeks continuing his research among the New York Seneca

1959 -- Returned to Florida to study Seminole ethnobotany. He also collected ethnographic materials, especially objects made for the tourist market, which he deposited in the United States National Museum

1959-1960 -- Member of the executive committee of the Florida Anthropological Society

1960 -- July and August: Visited 17 European museums to examine early ethnographic examples and possible European prototypes of eastern North American Indian material culture

1961-1962 -- Spent the summers of these years conducting ethnographic fieldwork among the Seneca-Cayuga in Oklahoma

1962 -- October: Visited the Six Nations Reserve in Ontario, Canada to conduct fieldwork among the Seneca and Cayuga there

1962-1968 -- Book-review editor and associate editor of the American Anthropologist

1963 -- October: Spent the year in Burma; visited neighborhoods in Rangoon and villages in the surrounding countryside, examined photographs in several archives, studied the Burmese language, and read extensively about the country's history and culture. Assembled notes on Burmese clothing and other aspects of the culture, took hundreds of photographs, and made a collection of 386 items of clothing and other objects for the Smithsonian

1964 -- Visited Inle Lake in the Southern Shan States southeast of Mandalay, where he examined local approaches to artificial island agriculture

1964-1981 -- Became a member of the American Anthropological Association's Committee on Anthropological Research in Museums, which became the Council for Museum Anthropology in 1974. Sturtevant was the Council's first vice president, serving two terms between 1974 and 1978, and was its president from 1978 to 1981

1965 -- Became curator of North American Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History after the dissolution of the BAE

1965-1966 -- President of the American Society for Ethnohistory

1966 -- Named the editor of the Handbook of North American Indians

1967-1968 -- Fulbright scholar and lecturer at Oxford University's Institute of Social Anthropology

1969 -- Began serving on the American Anthropological Association's Committee on Archives

1974-1989 -- Adjunct Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Johns Hopkins University

1976-1982 -- Served three terms on the Board of Trustees of the Museum of the American Indian-Heye Foundation and was appointed to a fourth term between 1984 and 1986

1977 -- President of the American Ethnological Society

1980-1981 -- President of the American Anthropological Association

1981 -- Spent part of the spring semester at the University of California Berkeley as a Regents Lecturer

1982-1988 -- Board of Directors of Survival International

1986 -- Divorced Theda Maw

1986-1987 -- Smithsonian Fellow at Oxford University's Worcester College

1990 -- Married Sally McLendon

1992 -- President of the Anthropological Society of Washington

1996 -- Awarded an honorary doctorate in humane letters at Brown University

2007 -- Died March 2 in Rockville, MD
Related Materials:
Other materials relating to William C. Sturtevant at the National Anthropological Archives are included in the following collections:

Manuscript 4504

Manuscript 4595

Manuscript 4806

Manuscript 4821

Manuscript 4972

Manuscript 7045

Photo Lot 59

Photo Lot 79-51

Photo Lot 80-3

Photo Lot 81R

Photo Lot 86-68 (6)

Photo Lot 86-68 (7)

American Society for Ethnohistory records

Committee on Anthropological Research in Museum Records

Handbook of North American Indians records

Records of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History

Gordon Davis Gibson Papers, Sound Recordings

SPC Se Powhatan Confederacy Mattapony BAE No # 01790700

DOE Oceania:Amer Poly:Hi:Hawaiian Helmet:Sturtevant 04913800

DOE Oceania:Amer Poly:Hi:Hawaiian Helmet:Sturtevant 04913900

DOE Oceania:Amer Poly:Hi:Hawaiian Helmet:Sturtevant 04914000

Negative MNH 1530

Negative MNH 1530 B

Sturtevant is listed as a correspondent in the following NAA collections:

Administrative file, 1949-1965, Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology

John Lawrence Angel Papers

James Henri Howard Papers

Donald Jayne Lehmer Papers

John Victor Murra Papers

Records of the Society for American Archaeology

Albert Clanton Spaulding Papers

Waldo Rudolph Wedel and Mildred Mott Wedel Papers

Copies of sound recordings made by William C. Sturtevant can be found at The California Language Archive at UC Berkeley in two collections, The William Sturtevant collection of Creek/Seminole sound recordings, which includes 31 minutes of Northern Muskogean linguistic field recordings from 1951, and The William Sturtevant collection of Mikasuki sound recordings, which includes 33 minutes of Mikasuki linguistic field recordings from 1951. Two sound tape reels of Seminole music Sturtevant recorded in Florida in 1951 can be found at Wesleyan University's World Music Archives. Folk songs on these recordings include "Scalping Sickness," "Bear Sickness with blowing," "Bear sickness without blowing," "Lullaby," "Feather Dance," "Snake Dance," and "Crazy Dance." Performers include Josie Billie, Lee Cypress, Harvey Jumper, Boy Jim, Charlie (Johnny?) Cypress, Little Tiger Tail, Billy Ossiola, and Charlie Billy Boy.
Separated Materials:
One video tape, "Seminole History and Tradition", was transferred to the Human Studies Film Archives. Series 2.2, Tukabahchee Plate: Glass negative of spectrogram from FBI (Box 135), removed for storage with other glass plate negatives.
Provenance:
These papers were transferred to the National Anthropological Archives by the Department of Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History.
Restrictions:
Files containing Sturtevant's students' grades have been restricted, as have his students' and colleagues' grant and fellowships applications. Restricted files were separated and placed at the end of their respective series in boxes 87, 264, 322, 389-394, 435-436, 448, 468, and 483. For preservation reasons, his computer files are also restricted. Seminole sound recordings are restricted. Access to the William C. Sturtevant Papers requires an apointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Ethnology  Search this
Botany  Search this
Anthropology  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Indians of North America -- Northeast  Search this
History  Search this
Linguistics  Search this
Genre/Form:
Realia
Research
Notes
Office files
Theses
Slides (photographs)
Sound recordings
Exhibition catalogs
Field notes
Clippings
Correspondence
Photographs
Microfilms
Newsletters
Manuscripts
Memorandums
Articles
Card files
Books
Artifacts
Negatives
Citation:
William C. Sturtevant papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.2008-24
See more items in:
William C. Sturtevant papers
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3b2223e72-e872-41c5-ae7b-abd0b27eaf6a
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-2008-24
Online Media:

Edmund Snow Carpenter papers

Creator:
Carpenter, Edmund, 1922-2011  Search this
Names:
De Menil, Adelaide  Search this
Flaherty, Robert Joseph, 1884-1951  Search this
Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957  Search this
McLuhan, Marshall, 1911-1980  Search this
Schuster, Carl, 1904-1969  Search this
Extent:
26.25 Linear feet
Culture:
Arctic peoples  Search this
Iglulingmiut Inuit (Iglulik/Iglulirmiut Eskimo)  Search this
Inuit  Search this
Inuit -- Canada  Search this
Inuit -- Greenland  Search this
Iroquois  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Place:
Canada
Greenland
New Guinea (Territory)
Papua New Guinea
Date:
circa 1938-2011
Summary:
Edmund Snow Carpenter (1922-2011) was an archaeologist and visual anthropologist who worked extensively with the indigenous peoples of the Canadian Arctic as well as Papua New Guinea. With his colleague and close collaborator Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980), he laid the groundwork for modern media theory. Carpenter is also known for his work as an ethnographic filmmaker and as a collector of Paleo-Eskimo art. The Papers of Edmund Carpenter, circa 1938-2011, document the research interests and projects undertaken by Carpenter in the fields of cultural anthropology, ethnographic filmmaking, media theory, archaeology, and indigenous art.
Scope and Contents:
The papers of Edmund Carpenter, 1940-2011, document the research interests and projects undertaken by Carpenter in the fields of cultural anthropology, ethnographic filmmaking, media theory, archaeology, and indigenous art. Specific research projects and interests documented are: his 1950s fieldwork among the Aivilik Inuit in the Canadian Arctic as well as his studies into Inuit concepts of space, time, and geography; his partnership and collaboration with media theorist Marshall McLuhan and his ethnographic studies of Papua New Guinean tribal communities; his early-career archaeological digs at Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) burial mounds in Sugar Run, Pennsylvania, as well as later archaeological interest in Arctic peoples, Siberia, and the Norwegian artifact dubbed the "Norse Penny"; his reflections on the disciplines of anthropology and media studies; his editing and completion of the work of art historian Carl Schuster at the Museum der Kulturen (Museum of Ethnology) in Basel, Switzerland; his editing of The Story of Comock the Eskimo, as told to Robert Flaherty; and his museum exhibitions compiled on the topics of surrealist and tribal art. The collection also documents Carpenter's correspondence with fellow scholars, ethnographers, filmmakers, and colleagues; his published writings; and elements of his personal life, such as obituaries and personal photographs.

Materials in this collection include artifact and burial records; correspondence; drawings and illustrations; essays; interviews and oral histories; inventories and catalogues; manuscripts and drafts, and fragments of drafts; maps; memoranda and meeting minutes; notes, notebooks, and data analysis; obituaries and memorials; photographic prints, slides, and negatives, including personal photographs and portraits; proposals and plans for museum exhibits; reports; resumes and bibliographies; reviews; and sound recordings on CD-Rs and audio cassettes. Additional materials include books and book chapters; journal copies and journal excerpts; magazine, newspaper, and article clippings and excerpts; museum and gallery catalogues, brochures, and guides; pamphlets; and reprints. A portion of the material collected here consist of consolidated research into specific topics, gathered from archival repositories, museums, correspondence, and published works. This material consists of research reprints and archival reference photocopies and photographic prints from various repositories.

Items worthy of special mention in this collection include: annotated draft chapters from Marshall McLuhan's seminal work on media theory, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (Series 2); a 1957 letter from e. e. cummings to Carpenter, written in verse (Series 3); an undated thank-you note addressed to "Sadie" from Helen Keller (Series 3); and a transcript of an interview of Carpenter by his former student, Harald Prins (Series 2).
Arrangement:
The collection is organized into the following 6 series:

Series 1. Fieldwork and drafts, 1940-2011 (bulk 1940-1959)

Series 2. Research and project files, 1940-2011

Series 3. Correspondence, circa 1938-2011

Series 4. Publications and lectures, circa 1942-circa 2006

Series 5. Personal, 1942-2011

Series 6. Writings by others, 1960-2009, undated
Biographical Note:
Edmund Snow Carpenter (1922-2011) was an archaeologist and visual anthropologist who worked extensively with the indigenous peoples of the Canadian Arctic and Papua New Guinea. With his colleague and close collaborator Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980), he laid the groundwork for modern media theory. Carpenter is also known for his work as an ethnographic filmmaker and as a collector of Paleo-Eskimo art.

Born in 1922 in Rochester, New York, Edmund (nicknamed "Ted") Carpenter served in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II before receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1950 under Frank Speck for work on Iroquoian prehistoric archaeology. Carpenter began teaching at the University of Toronto in 1948 while simultaneously working as a programmer for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). In the 1950s, he undertook fieldwork in the Canadian Arctic among the Aivilik (an Inuit Igloolik subgroup). This fieldwork resulted in several publications in the field of cultural anthropology, including Time/Space Concepts of the Aivilik (1955), Anerca (1959), and Eskimo (1959, republished as Eskimo Realities in 1973).

Also in the 1950s, Carpenter began a working relationship with media theorist Marshall McLuhan. Together, they received a Ford Foundation grant (1953-1955) for an interdisciplinary media research project into the impact of mass communications and mass media on culture change. Carpenter and McLuhan's partnership resulted in the Seminar on Culture and Communication (1953-1959) and the journal series Explorations. In 1957, Carpenter was the founding chair in the interdisciplinary program "Anthropology and Art" at San Fernando Valley State College (now California State University, Northridge). There, he collaborated with Bess Lomax Hawes and other colleagues in the production of several ethnographic films, including Georgia Sea Island Singers about Gullah (or Geechee) songs and dances. During this period, Carpenter worked with McLuhan on the latter's seminal book Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (1964). The article published as "Fashion is Language" in Harper's Bazaar under McLuhan's name (1968) was actually written by Carpenter. It was later published in book form under Carpenter's name, with the title They Became What They Beheld (1970).

In 1969, Carpenter took a research professorship at the University of Papua and New Guinea sponsored by the government of Australia. Alongside photographer Adelaide De Menil (whom he would later marry), he applied many of the ideas about media literacy and culture change to indigenous communities of Papua New Guinea. These activities led to developments in the field of media ecology, as well as the publication of Carpenter's best-known work, Oh, What a Blow the Phantom Gave Me! (1976).

Carpenter taught intermittently at various universities throughout his career, including Fordham University, the University of California-Santa Cruz, Adelphi University, Harvard University's Center for Visual Anthropology, the New School for Social Research, and New York University. He spent eight years associated with the Museum of Ethnology in Basel, Switzerland (1973-1981), editing art historian Carl Schuster's research.

In addition to his teaching and research, Carpenter, with his wife Adelaide De Menil, collected tribal art, eventually amassing the largest private collection of Paleo-Eskimo art in the United States. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Carpenter curated various exhibitions on art and visual culture, including the Menil Collection's Witness to a Surrealist Vision and the Musée du Quai Branly's Upside Down (later reconstructed at the Menil Collection). In later years, Carpenter resumed his archaeological interest in Arctic peoples, researching and collaborating on the Zhokhov Island Mesolithic site in the Russian Arctic with Russian scientists from the Institute for the History of Material Culture and archaeologists from the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History.

Carpenter died on July 1, 2011 at his home in New York.

Sources consulted:

"Edmund Snow Carpenter." https://edmundsnowcarpenter.com/about

Grimes, William. "Edmund Carpenter, Archaeologist and Anthropologist, Dies at 88." The New York Times. 2011 July 7. https://www.nytimes.com

Prins, Harald E. L. and John Bishop. "Edmund Carpenter: Explorations in Media and Anthropology." Visual Anthropology Review 17:2 (Fall-Winter 2001-2002): 110-140.

Chronology

1922 September 2 -- Born in Rochester, New York

circa 1940-1941 -- Archaeological field work, Sugar Run mounds, Pennsylvania

1942-1946 -- Served in the United States Marine Corps

1948-1957 -- Anthropology Department, University of Toronto

circa 1950 -- Began work for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)

1950 -- Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania (Anthropology)

1950s -- Fieldwork among the Aivilik Inuit

1953-1959 -- Ran the Seminar on Culture and Communication with Marshall McLuhan

1957-1967 -- "Anthropology and Art" program at San Fernando Valley State College (California State University, Northridge)

1967-1968 -- Schweitzer Chair, Fordham University (with Marshall McLuhan)

1968-1969 -- Carnegie Chair in Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz

1969-1970 -- Research Professor, University of Papua and New Guinea

1973-1981 -- Associated with the Museum of Ethnology in Basel, Switzerland for Carl Schuster papers project

circa 1989-2005 -- Collaboration regarding Zhokov Island archaeological site

2011 July 1 -- Died in East Hampton, New York
Separated Materials:
Film and video recordings are retained by the Human Studies Film Archives (HSFA) as the Edmund Carpenter-Adelaide de Menil Collection (HSFA 2004-04).
Provenance:
The Edmund Snow Carpenter papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives in 2017 by Adelaide de Menil on behalf of the Rock Foundation.
Restrictions:
The Edmund Snow Carpenter papers are open for research.

Use of archival audiovisual recordings with no duplicate access copy requires advance notice. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.

Digital media in the collection is restricted for preservation reasons.

Access to the Edmund Snow Carpenter papers requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Cartography  Search this
Ethnographic films  Search this
Indigenous art  Search this
Inuit art  Search this
Menil Collection (Houston, Tex.)  Search this
Museum exhibits  Search this
Paleo-Eskimos  Search this
Visual anthropology  Search this
Citation:
Edmund Snow Carpenter papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.2017-27
See more items in:
Edmund Snow Carpenter papers
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3d15a171a-af5d-4b66-914f-55bc819d7b76
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-2017-27
Online Media:

William Duncan Strong papers

Creator:
Strong, William Duncan, 1899-1962  Search this
Names:
Columbia University  Search this
Institute of Andean Research Viru Valley Project  Search this
Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition  Search this
Extent:
64.88 Linear feet (87 boxes; 16 map folders; and 14 boxes of nitrate negatives, which are not included in the linear feet extent measurement)
Culture:
Eskimos  Search this
Sahnish (Arikara)  Search this
Naskapi Innu  Search this
Indians of North America -- California  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Place:
North Dakota -- Archeology
South Dakota -- Archeology
Great Plains
Honduras -- Archeology
Labrador (N.L.)
Nebraska -- Archeology
Columbia River Valley
Date:
1902-1965
bulk 1927-1955
Summary:
William Duncan Strong's early interest was in zoology, but, while an undergraduate at the University of California, he was brought into anthropology under the influence of Alfred Louis Kroeber. He conducted archaeological and ethnological field research in several areas of the New World and was the first professionally trained archaeologist to focus on the Great Plains, where he applied the so-called direct historical method, working from known history in interpreting archaeological sites. Strong's papers include correspondence, field notes, diaries, newspaper clippings, teaching notes and student papers, manuscripts of his writings, writings by other authors, papers from the various organizations in which he served, maps, and a considerable number of photographs from his field work. The materials date from 1902 to 1965, with most of the materials being from 1927 to 1955.
Scope and Contents:
Strong's papers include correspondence, field notes, diaries, newspaper clippings, teaching notes and student papers, manuscripts of his writings, writings by other authors, papers from the various organizations in which he served, maps, and a considerable number of photographs from his field work. The materials date from 1902 to 1965, with most of the materials being from 1927 to 1955.

Strong's papers reflect his professional life, but there is little personal material. Except for the Rawson-MacMillan Labrador Expedition, there is little information from Strong's years at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Other than information on field work expenses, there is little light shed on Strong's personal financial situation. There is no personal correspondence with either of his wives and little correspondence with family members, except for his brother, Ronald. Some correspondence from the late 1930s to the early 1940s is not present and its whereabouts is not known. Of special interest is a collection of drawings by Naskapi Indian children collected while Strong was on the Labrador expedition in 1928. Strong collected obituaries, vitae, news articles, and writings on and by other anthropologists. He was an inveterate doodler, and his fascinating creations appear throughout the papers.

Strong also collected materials from other researchers, including Loren Eiseley's 1931 field notes from the Morrill Expedition, Maurice Kirby's 1932 notes on the Signal Butte excavations, notes and drawings from the 1936 Honduras expedition by Alfred V. Kidder II, and the field notebooks kept by Clifford Evans for the 1946 Virú Valley expedition in Peru. Contributed photographs from field expeditions are from A.T. Hill, Waldo Wedel, and John Champe.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged in 12 series: (1) Miscellaneous personal papers, 1914-1963; (2) Correspondence, 1922-1965; (3) Materials relating to field work, 1921-1963; (4) Miscellaneous research notes, 1917-1960, most undated; (5) Maps and charts, 1902-1949; (6) Drawings by Naskapi Indians and Eskimos, 1910, 1928; (7) Manuscripts of writings, 1922-1962, undated; (8) Writings by other authors, 1902-1961; (9) Papers relating to organizations, 1926-1961; (10) Teaching materials and course work, 1909, 1928-1961; (11) Miscellany, 1902-1961, most undated; (12) Photographs, 1913-1950.
Biographical Note:
William Duncan Strong (1899-1962) was a major figure in American anthropology. His accomplishments were as a field worker in archaeology and ethnology, archaeological theorist, writer, and teacher. He was, furthermore, a leader in anthropological organizations. In 1954, his position in the field was recognized by the award of the Viking Fund Medal for his contributions to archaeology.

William Duncan Strong's early interest was in zoology, but, while an undergraduate at the University of California, he was brought into anthropology under the influence of Alfred Louis Kroeber. He conducted archaeological and ethnological field research in several areas of the New World, including Labrador, southern California, Honduras, and Peru. Strong was the first professionally trained archaeologist to focus on the Great Plains, and it was there that he applied the so-called direct historical method, working from known history in interpreting archaeological sites. His work in all these areas are represented by notebooks, diaries, specimen catalogues, maps, and photographs.

Strong spent the majority of his professional life affiliated with various universities and taught many anthropologists who became influential in their own right. His students included Loren Eiseley, Waldo R. Wedel, Joseph Jablow, Oscar Lewis, John Landgraf, Dorothy Keur, David Stout, Charles Wagley, Eleanor Leacock, John Champe, Albert C. Spaulding, Victor Barnouw, John M. Corbett, Walter Fairservis, and Richard B. Woodbury. Strong preserved the student papers by some of these anthropologists as well as their correspondence with him.

Strong influenced American anthropology by his service in professional societies. He served as president of the American Ethnological Society, the Institute of Andean Research, and the Society for American Archaeology. He was the director of the Ethnogeographic Board (his journal from his tenure as director is in the papers) and chairman of the Committee on Basic Needs of American Archaeology. In this latter capacity, Strong was involved in establishing a program to salvage archaeological sites before they were destroyed by public works. Strong served as the anthropological consultant to the Bureau of Indian Affairs during Franklin Roosevelt's administration and advised on new directions to be taken in Indian Service policy.

Strong died suddenly on January 29, 1962.

Chronology

1899 -- Born January 30 in Portland, Oregon

1917 April-1919 January -- In the United States Navy aboard the U.S.S. South Dakota on convoy duty in the Atlantic Ocean

1922 -- Collected faunal specimens in the Canadian Rockies, Skeena River district, for the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology

1923 -- A.B., University of California Studied Max Uhle's Peruvian archaeological collection Collected faunal specimens, Columbia River, Washington

Winter, 1923-1924 -- Archaeological investigations in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California under the direction of Edwin Winslow Gifford

1924-1925 -- Expedition to study Shoshonean tribes (the Serrano, Cahuilla, Cupeño, and Luiseño) of Southern California (Riverside and San Diego counties) under Alfred Louis Kroeber Archaeological surveys and excavations of three months each in the middle Columbia River Valley in Oregon and Washington

1925 -- Archaeological expedition and collection of faunal specimens in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Baja California under W. Egbert Schenk

1925-1926 -- Research Assistant, Department of Anthropology, University of California

1926 -- PhD, Anthropology, University of California

1926 July-1929 August -- Assistant Curator of North American Ethnology and Archaeology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

1927 -- An Analysis of Southwestern Society (doctoral dissertation)

1927 June-1928 September -- Anthropologist on the Rawson-MacMillan September, 1928 Subarctic Expedition of the Field Museum Studied Naskapi and Eskimos in Labrador and on Baffin Island

1929 -- Married Jean Stevens

1929 August-1931 July -- Professor of Anthropology, University of Nebraska

1929 -- Published The Aboriginal Society of Southern California

1929-1931 -- Director, Archaeological Survey of Nebraska, University of Nebraska

1930 June 11-September 6 -- Excavated at Rock Bluff cemetery site

1931 -- Helped organize the First Plains Conference (held August 31-September 2)

1931-1932 -- Morrill Expedition, central and western Nebraska and North and South Dakota: ethnological investigations of Arikaras at Nishu, North Dakota; excavation at Signal Butte, Nebraska; and excavation at Leavenworth and Rygh village sites in South Dakota

1931 July-1937 August -- Senior Anthropologist, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution

1932 -- Archaeological survey of northeastern Honduras along the Mosquito Coast and the Patuca River, archaeological work on the Bay Islands, and ethnological investigation of Sumu Indians

1933-1934 -- Two Civilian Works Administration archaeological expeditions (five months each) in California in southern San Joaquin Valley, Kern County, at Tulamniu (a Yokuts village) and eastern Chumash area

1934-1937 -- Trustee, Laboratory of Anthropology, Sante Fe

1935 -- Anthropological consultant to the Bureau of Indian Affairs Assistant editor, American Antiquity Published Archeological Investigations in the Bay islands, Spanish Honduras and An Introduction to Nebraska Archeology

1935-1937 -- Member, Committee on State Archeological Surveys, National Research Council

1936 -- Smithsonian Institution-Harvard expedition to northwestern Honduras to the valleys of the Chamelecon and the Ulua Rivers, Naco and other sites

1937-1962 -- Professor, later Chairman, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University

1937-1938 -- Vice-President, American Anthropological Association

1938 -- Fort Abraham Lincoln (Slant Mandan village) site and Sheyenne-Cheyenne village site excavations in North Dakota

1939 -- Chairman, National Research Council's Committee on Basic Needs in American Archaeology Excavated at Arzberger site in South Dakota and the area between the Chamberlain and Cheyenne Rivers

1940 -- Member, National Research Council's Committee on War Services of Anthropology Expeditions to western Florida and southwestern United States, especially New Mexico Peruvian archaeological survey

1941 -- Chairman, Section H, American Association for the Advancement of Science

1941-1942 -- President, American Ethnological Society Peruvian excavations at Pachacamac in the Chancay Valley and the Ancon-Supe excavations

1942? -- Peruvian excavations in the Naxca and Ica Valleys

1942-1944 -- Director, Ethnogeographic Board

1943 -- Published Cross Sections of New World Prehistory Appointed to Loubat Professorship at Columbia University

1945 -- Married Helen Richardson

1946 -- Peruvian excavations, Virú Valley Project National Research Council liaison member of the Committee for the Recovery of Archaeological Remains President, Institute of Andean Research

1948-1949 -- Chairman, Anthropology Section of New York Academy of Sciences

1949 July-August -- Peru-Mexico trip

1950 -- Talking Crow site expedition Excavated at Signal Butte

1952-1953 -- Peruvian expeditions, Nazca and Ica Valleys

1954 -- Awarded the Viking Fund Medal Trip to western United States

1955-1956 -- President, Society for American Archaeology

1962 -- Died January 29

Selected Bibliography

1929 -- Strong, William Duncan. Aboriginal Society of Southern California. Vol. 26, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1929.

1935 -- Strong, William Duncan. Archeological Investigations in the Bay islands, Spanish Honduras. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution, 1935. Strong, William Duncan. An Introduction to Nebraska Archeology. Vol. 93, no. 10, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution, 1935.

1938 -- Strong, William Duncan, Alfred Kidder, II, and A.J. Drexel Pail, Jr. Preliminary Report on the Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University Archeological Expedition to Northwestern Honduras, 1936. Vol. 97, no. 1, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution, 1938.

1943 -- Strong, William Duncan. Cross Sections of New World Prehistory: a Brief Report on the Work of the Institute of Andean Research, 1941-1942. Vol. 104, no. 2, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution, 1943. Strong, William Duncan. Archeological Studies in Peru, 1941-1942. New York: Columbia University Press, 1943.

1948 -- "The Archeology of Honduras." In The Circum-Caribbean Tribes Vol. 4, Handbook of South American Indians, edited by Julian H. Steward, 71-120. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 143. Washington: U.S. Government Print Office, 1948.

1952 -- Strong, William Duncan, and Clifford Evans. Cultural Stratigraphy in the Virú Valley, Northern Peru. New York: Columbia University Press, 1952.

For a complete bibliography of Strong's works, see Solecki, Ralph, and Charles Wagley. "William Duncan Strong, 1899-1962," American Anthropologist 65, no. 5 (October 1963): 1102-1111. https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1525/aa.1963.65.5.02a00080
Related Materials:
Additional materials in the National Anthropological Archives relating to William Duncan Strong can be found in the records of the American Anthropological Association, Bureau of American Ethnology, Handbook of South American Indians, Institute of Social Anthropology, River Basin Surveys, the Society for American Archaeology, and Tulamniu Project (1933-1934); the papers of Ralph Leon Beals, John Peabody Harrington, Frederick Johnson, Frank Maryl Setzler, Ruth Schlossberg Landes, Albert Clanton Spaulding (including information on the Arzberger site), and Waldo Rudolph and Mildred Mott Wedel; Photographic Lot 14, Bureau of American Ethnology Subject and Geographic File; Photographic Lot 24, Bureau of American Ethnology-United States National Museum Photographs of American Indians; Photographic Lot 77-80, Portraits of Smithsonian Anthropologists; Photographic Lot 92-35, Ralph S. Solecki Photographs of Anthropologists; Numbered Collections, MS 4821 (records of the Anthropological Society of Washington), MS 4261 (photographs made on a site survey in the Santa Barbara Mountains, California, 1934), MS 4302 (journal covering the 1936 expedition to Honduras), MS 4846 (correspondence between BAE authors and the BAE editor's office), and MS 7200 (original field catalog of Honduran artifacts, 1936); and in the non-archival reference file. There are also materials in the Smithsonian Institution Archives in record units 87 (Ethnogeographic Board), 9528 (Henry Bascom Collins interviews), and 1050102 (papers of T. Wayland Vaughan). In the Human Studies Film Archives there is material on Strong in the video dialogues of Charles Wagley, 1983.
Provenance:
The Strong papers were donated to the archives by Strong's widow, Mrs. Helen Richardson Strong. Most of the arrangements were handled by Ralph S. Solecki, then of Columbia University. He sent the papers to the archives between 1974 and 1979, and there have been small accretions since that time. These accretions came through Richard G. Forbis, Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary; Mildred Mott Wedel and Waldo R. Wedel, Department of Anthropology; and Nan A. Rothschild, Department of Anthropology, Barnard College. Mrs. Strong donated the rights in the unpublished material in the collection to the Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution.
Restrictions:
The William Duncan Strong papers are open for research.

Access to the William Duncan Strong papers requires and appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology) -- California  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Peru  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Anthropology  Search this
Ethnology  Search this
Citation:
William Duncan Strong papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.1974-28
See more items in:
William Duncan Strong papers
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3ca9b7686-6050-4cf3-bb98-c6b00c48ebda
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-1974-28
Online Media:

Frank Maryl Setzler papers

Creator:
Setzler, Frank M. (Frank Maryl), 1902-1975  Search this
Names:
National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this
Extent:
17.5 Linear feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Date:
1927-1960
Scope and Contents:
The papers reflect many of the activities of Setzler, ranging from his curatorial duties, activities with several organizations, and his field work. Much of this, however, is contained in correspondence only. Among the materials relating to field work are diaries and other materials relating to the Yampa-Green reconnaissance, field material relating to the Arnhem Land Expedition, and aerial photographs and related flight logs made over Marksville, Louisiana, through arrangements with Dache McClain Reeves. Other materials relating to the Marksville site are found in the papers of James Alfred Ford. Also included among the papers are some field materials concerning W. W. Taylor's work in Mexico, a parchment deed to land in Maryland, correspondence between Neil Merton Judd and James Townsend Russell, and manuscript articles on culture sequences in Illinois by Thorne Deuel and on Wisconsin pottery by Will C. McKern.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into 14 series: (1) Correspondence, 1929-1960, (2) Work Projects Administration correspondence, 1930s-1940s; (3) diaries, 1948; (4) drafts for journal articles, 1932-1954; (5) reprints of published articles, 1930-1956; (6) addresses and lectures, 1928-1951; (7) school notebooks, 1927-1928; (8) Smithsonian exhibits, reports, affairs, 1925-1960; (9) papers relating to the National Park Service Advisory Boards, 1940-1952; (10) papers relating to the National Research Council, 1934-1935; 1937-1943; (11) papers relating to professional societies, 1930-1950s; (12) miscellany, 1930-1959; (13) photographs; (14) maps.
Biographical Note:
While Frank Maryl Setzler was an undergraduate student at Ohio State University during the mid-1920s, he served as an assistant field director at the Ohio State Museum and worked under Henry C. Shetrone in excavations of the Hopewell and Seip mounds in central Ohio. He was later a graduate student of anthropology at the University of Chicago and took courses from Fay-Cooper Cole, Robert Redfield, and Edward Sapir. At the same time, he worked as an Indiana state archaeologist and carried out excavations of mounds in southeastern Indiana and a survey of the Whitewater River Valley. He also worked on the University of Chicago's pictorial survey of Mississippi Valley archeology.

In 1930, Setzler was appointed assistant curator in the Division of Archeology of the United States National Museum. In 1935, he was made acting head curator for the Department of Anthropology and two years later became head curator. A number of significant developments took place during his career at the Smithsonian. During the 1930s and early 1940s, the government was involved in many archaeological projects through its work relief programs, including the Federal Emergency Relief, Civil Works, Public Works, and Work Projects administrations.

Setzler not only took advantage of the assistance provided by these programs for his own archeological work, but he also participated in the CWA as Smithsonian Institution liaison officer responsible for the direction of eleven projects in the southeastern states and California. For the WPA, he served as a consultant, reviewing project proposals. While he was head curator, he participated in a study of visitor reactions to the United States National Museum exhibits and supervised the modernization of exhibits of the Department of Anthropology.

He also worked toward the removal of nonanthropological sections which had long been part of the department, expansion of the curatorial staff to include specialists outside North America, and establishment of a docent service. In addition, he was responsible for the department's efforts made necessary by World War II, including the protection of the collections, special tours for soldiers, special exhibits, and work for the Ethnogeographic Board.

Setzler was involved in surveys and excavations in southwestern Texas in an attempt to find links between Mexican Indian cultures and those of the Mississippi Valley. Related work was later carried out under Setzler's direction by museum collaborator Walter W. Taylor, who undertook archaeological work in the state of Coahuila in Mexico. Setzler also worked at sites in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, and carried out reconnaissance along the Yampa and Green Rivers in Colorado and Utah. In 1948, he was deputy leader for the Australian-American Arnhem Land Expedition sponsored by the Smithsonian, National Geographic Society, and the government of Australia.

Setzler's chief interest, however, continued in the archaeology of the midewestern states and he developed a strong interest in the southeastern states. Included in his activities was work at Marksville, Louisiana; Proctorville, Ohio; Cumberland Island, Florida; the Kinaid site, Illinois; Cambridge, Maryland; New Martinsville, West Virginia; and Saltsville, Virginia. With John Reed Swanton, he also investigated sites of villages reported by the chroniclers of Hernando de Soto. Late in his career, he also joined C. Malcolm Watkins and Oscar H. Darter in excavating historical sites at Marlborough Town and near Bell Plains in Virginia.

Setzler was also active with a number of scientific and government organizations. He was a member of the Advisory Board for National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings, and Monuments of the National Park Service and its secretary in 1940-1942. He represented anthropology on the National Research Council in 1940-1942 and was vice chairman of the Division of Anthropology and Psychology of the National Academy of Science in 1942-1943. In 1937-1940, he was secretary of the American Anthropological Association; and, between 1939 and 1953, he held offices with the Washington Academy of Sciences, including the presidency in 1953. He was secretary of the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1932-1937 and president in 1940-1942. In 1930-1941, he was on the council of the Society for American Archaeology.
Related Materials:
The National Anthropological Archives holds the Frank Maryl Setzler photographs (NAA.PhotoLot.36), Harris and Ewing Photographic News Service photograph of Smithsonian officials unpacking boxes from American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (NAA.PhotoLot.80-36), MS 2180 Report of a visit to the Grave Creek Mound, at Moundsville, West Virginia, MS 7298 Memorandum to Frank Maryl Setzler, and MS 7437 Letter to A. E. Henning.
Restrictions:
The Frank Maryl Setzler papers are open for research.

Access to the Frank Maryl Setzler papers requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
American Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land, 1948  Search this
United States. -- Work Projects Administration  Search this
Citation:
Frank Maryl Setzler papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.XXXX.0329
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw39b894f7b-4a99-4b7e-9567-be100cff15fa
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-xxxx-0329

D-3: Aleppo (Syria): Great Mosque: Ground Plan

Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Names:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Collection Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (55.5 cm x 76 cm.)
Container:
Item D-3
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Drawings
Place:
Asia
Syria
Aleppo (Syria)
Syria -- Halab -- Aleppo
Date:
1908-1914
Scope and Contents:
Original caption in French reads, "Alep. Grande Mosquée."
Arrangement:
Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.
Local Numbers:
D-3

FSA A.06 05.0003
General:
- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.
Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:
The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Topic:
Art of the Islamic World  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Architectural drawing  Search this
Architecture  Search this
Religious buildings  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings
Collection Citation:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.
Identifier:
FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.06 05.0003
See more items in:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers
Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps / D-3: Aleppo. Plan of Great Mosque.Corpus, pl.LIII
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc33253c0f2-9c83-41ec-8dbb-1d7f23b9cecc
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref24320

D-3a: Aleppo (Syria): Great Mosque, Ground Plan

Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Names:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Collection Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (35.5 cm. x 28 cm.)
Container:
Item D-3
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Drawings
Place:
Asia
Syria
Aleppo (Syria)
Syria -- Halab -- Aleppo
Date:
1908-1914
Arrangement:
Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.
Local Numbers:
D-3a

FSA A.06 05.0003a
General:
- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.
Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:
The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Topic:
Art of the Islamic World  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Architectural drawing  Search this
Architecture  Search this
Religious buildings  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings
Collection Citation:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.
Identifier:
FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.06 05.0003a
See more items in:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers
Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps / D-3: Aleppo. Plan of Great Mosque.Corpus, pl.LIII
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc3dec79d7c-d0ce-41db-b067-703a67380e8a
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref24321

D-13: Aleppo (Syria), Damascus (Syria), and Konia (Turkey): Eight Interlaced Arches

Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Names:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Collection Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (77.5 cm. x 55.7 cm.)
Container:
Item D-13
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Drawings
Place:
Asia
Syria
Turkey
Aleppo (Syria)
Syria -- Halab -- Aleppo
Date:
1903-1930
Scope and Contents:
Original caption in French reads, "Alep, mashhad al-Husain, Iwān; Alep, Shādhbaktiyya, miḥrāb; Alep, Sulṭāniyya, miḥrāb; Alep, Gr. Mosquée, porte; Qonia, Citadelle; Qonia, Qaratal madrasa; Alep, Firdaus, miḥrāb; Damas, Djaqmaqiyya."
Arrangement:
Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.
Local Numbers:
D-13

FSA A.06 05.0013.2
General:
- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.
Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:
The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Topic:
Art of the Islamic World  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Architectural drawing  Search this
Architecture  Search this
Religious buildings  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings
Collection Citation:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.
Identifier:
FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.06 05.0013.2
See more items in:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers
Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps / D-13: Aleppo. Eight interlaced arches. Corpus, pl.CIX
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc3a1bdfbfe-9ff1-4b31-93e6-557686fb99fb
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref24322

D-49: Aleppo (Syria): Old City Wall Fortifications, Bab Qinnasrin: Elevation of East Face of West Salient

Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Names:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Collection Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (35.5 cm x 44.5 cm.)
Container:
Item D-49
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Drawings
Place:
Asia
Syria
Aleppo (Syria)
Date:
1908-1914
Scope and Contents:
Original caption on verso reads, "Alep, Bab Qinnasrin, face est de la tour ouest."
Arrangement:
Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.
Local Numbers:
D-49

FSA A.6 05.0049
General:
- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.
Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:
The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Topic:
Art of the Islamic World  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Architecture  Search this
Architectural drawing  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings
Collection Citation:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.
Identifier:
FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.6 05.0049
See more items in:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers
Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps / D-49: Aleppo. Bab Qinnasrin, elevation of E face of W salient. Corpus, p1.XIXd. Photo, Corpus, p1.XVIIIb (Neg.3497)
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc399f5b3fe-97e9-41b9-b225-1a3bc8682486
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref24323

D-50: Aleppo (Syria): Salient between Bab al-Djinan and Bab Antakeya: Elevation Including Arabic Inscription No. 7, in Naskhi Mameluke Script

Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Names:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Collection Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (36.6 cm x 45.5 cm.)
Container:
Item D-50
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Drawings
Place:
Asia
Syria
Aleppo (Syria)
Date:
1908-1914
Scope and Contents:
Original caption on verso reads, "Alep, tour, côté est des murailles."
Arrangement:
Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.
Local Numbers:
D-50

FSA A.6 05.0050
General:
- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.
Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:
The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Topic:
Art of the Islamic World  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Architectural drawing  Search this
Architecture  Search this
Animals in art  Search this
Inscriptions  Search this
Inscriptions, Arabic  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings
Collection Citation:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.
Identifier:
FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.6 05.0050
See more items in:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers
Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps / D-50: Aleppo. Salient between Bab al-Djinan and Bab Antakiya. Corpus, p1.XLb. Photo, Corpus, p1.Xa
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc37c221c3a-5caa-4fdb-83cf-580cb21c3476
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref24324

D-53, D-53a, D-54, D-54a: Linjan (Iran) and Isfahan (Iran): Pir-i Bakran Mausoleum, Tomb of Sheikh Muhammad Ibn Bakran, and the Great Mosque of Isfahan: Arabic Inscriptions in Square Naskhi Script

Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Names:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Collection Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (29.5 cm x 22 cm.)
1 Drawings (visual works) (14 cm x 22.2 cm.)
1 Drawings (visual works) (14 cm x 22.2 cm.)
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Drawings
Place:
Asia
Iran
Iṣfahān (Iran)
Iran -- Kermanshah -- Linjan
Iran -- Isfahan -- Isfahan
Date:
1923
Scope and Contents:
Original caption on verso reads, "Isfahan Grande mosquée, Cor. 2, 256. Lindjān, Pīr Bakrān."
Arrangement:
Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.
Local Numbers:
D-53

D-53a

D-54

D-54a

FSA A.06 05.0053

FSA A.06 05.0053a

FSA A.06 05.0054

FSA A.06 05.0054a
General:
- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Topic:
Art of the Islamic World  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Architectural drawing  Search this
Inscriptions  Search this
Inscriptions, Arabic  Search this
Religious buildings  Search this
Shrines  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings
Collection Citation:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.
Identifier:
FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.06 05.0053
See more items in:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers
Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc3ed76a436-0770-4b3f-936d-4e94cfa65638
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref24325
Online Media:

D-94: Aleppo (Syria): Salihin Cemetery, Turbat Ali al-Harawi: Drawing of Arabic Inscription No.136, on Cenotaph (West and East Views)

Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Names:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Collection Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (17.3 cm. x 21 cm.)
Container:
Item D-94
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Drawings
Place:
Asia
Syria
Aleppo (Syria)
Date:
1908-1914
Scope and Contents:
Original title on verso reads, "Inscriptions on sarcophaq of Shaikh 'Alī al-Harawī."
Arrangement:
Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.
Local Numbers:
D-94

FSA A.6 05.0094.1
General:
- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.
Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:
The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Topic:
Art of the Islamic World  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Architectural drawing  Search this
Inscriptions  Search this
Inscriptions, Arabic  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings
Collection Citation:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.
Identifier:
FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.6 05.0094.1
See more items in:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers
Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps / D-94: Aleppo. Cenotaph with inscription No.136. Corpus, fig.86
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc335b86173-75d0-400b-ab80-9d1bbc481459
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref24326

D-94a: Aleppo (Syria): Salihin Cemetery, Turbat Ali al-Harawi: Drawing of Arabic Inscription No.136, on Cenotaph (North and South Views)

Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Names:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Collection Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (17.2 cm. x 21 cm.)
Container:
Item D-94
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Drawings
Place:
Asia
Syria
Aleppo (Syria)
Date:
1908-1914
Scope and Contents:
Original title on verso reads, "Inscriptions on sarcophaq of Shaikh 'Alī al-Harawī."
Arrangement:
Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.
Local Numbers:
D-94a

FSA A.06 05.0094a
General:
- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.
Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:
The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Topic:
Art of the Islamic World  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Architectural drawing  Search this
Inscriptions  Search this
Inscriptions, Arabic  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings
Collection Citation:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.
Identifier:
FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.06 05.0094a
See more items in:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers
Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps / D-94: Aleppo. Cenotaph with inscription No.136. Corpus, fig.86
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc37adfe7e1-b7b2-4c25-8cce-e8b9470daf7d
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref24327

D-94b: Aleppo (Syria): Salihin Cemetery, Turbat Ali al-Harawi, Cenotaph: Measured Sketch

Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Names:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Collection Creator:
Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (22.7 cm. x 15 cm.)
Container:
Item D-94
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Drawings
Place:
Asia
Syria
Aleppo (Syria)
Date:
1908-1914
Scope and Contents:
Handwritten caption on verso reads, "'Alī al-Harawī."
Arrangement:
Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.
Local Numbers:
D-94b

FSA A.06 05.0094b
General:
- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.
Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:
The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Topic:
Art of the Islamic World  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Architectural drawing  Search this
Architecture  Search this
Shrines  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings
Collection Citation:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.
Identifier:
FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.06 05.0094b
See more items in:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers
Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps / D-94: Aleppo. Cenotaph with inscription No.136. Corpus, fig.86
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc3d66c1b1f-7a9f-4758-ab6d-e40acbcc39c1
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref24328

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