The collection includes materials from cultures in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, and Guiana: Acoma Pueblo, Apache, Arapaho, Arikara, Assiniboine, Caddo, Cahuilla, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chibcha, Chinantec, Chippewa (Ojibwa), Choco, Chol, Chontal, Cochiti Pueblo, Crow, Cuicatec, Eskimo, Flathead, Haida, Hopi, Huastec, Huave, Iowa, Iroquois, Isleta, Karaja, Kwakiutl, Laguna Pueblo, Macusi, Mandan, Maya, Mazahua, Mazatec, Mehinaku, Menomini, Mixe, Mixtec, Navajo, Nez Perce, Osage, Otomi, Ottawa, Pawnee, Pima, Ponca, Potawatomi, Salish, San Blas, San Felipe Pueblo, Sauk & Fox, Shuar, Sioux, Taos Pueblo, Tarasco, Teotihuacan, Tepehua, Tlaxcala, Tlingit, Tonkawa, Totonac, Triqui, Tzental, Tzotzil, Ute, Wampanoag, Zapotec, Zoque, Zuni.
Arrangement note:
Collection arranged by item number.
Biographical/Historical note:
Frederick Starr was born in Auburn, New York, on September 2, 1858. He received a Ph.D. in biology in 1884 at Coe College, where he was later appointed professor of biology. Starr did postgraduate work in anthropology at Yale. In 1889 he was appointed head of Ethnology at the American Museum of Natural History, and in 1892 he was chosen by William Harper to organize the Anthropology Department at the new University of Chicago. Starr remained at the University until his retirement in 1923. Besides his field studies with various Indian tribes in the United States, Starr traveled to Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Ecuador, Guiana, Japan, the Philippines, and Africa. He died in Tokyo, Japan, on August 14, 1933. Starr was the author of several books and scholarly articles.
General note:
Starr hired professional photographers Charles B. Lang and Louis Grabic to accompany him on his field trips. One lantern slide of Moses Ladd (Menomini) was taken by William H. Jackson.
Provenance:
Dr. Frederick Starr, Purchased, circa 1929
Restrictions:
Access restricted. Researchers should contact the staff of the NMAI Archives for an appointment to access the collection.
Bill Brown spoke about organizing Brazilians for the Festival in Washington, DC; Cubans in Washington, DC organically starting the Festival; why the Cubans temporarily stopped participating in the Festival; the similarities and differences between the Festival in Washington, DC and Carnival in Brazil; the different groups and countries involved in the Festival; and who organized the different groups and countries for the Festival. He recounted, in detail, notable moments of the Festival over the years, including some controversies and conflict.
Brown explained what the Festival does for the community; how the Festival pulls the community, including different ethnicities and races, together; how Brazilians fit in with the rest of the Latino community in Washington, DC; how Brazilians immigrate to the United States; the voting power of the Latino community in Washington, DC; Mayor Marion Barry has protected the Latino community from immigration authorities; the relationship between the Latino community and the Black community; and the Smithsonian Institution's relationship with the Black community.
Brown also spoke about other festivals in the Washington, DC area and New York City; Brazilians being invited and participating in the Folklife Festival organized by the Smithsonian; his thoughts on the educational panels at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival; and the Brazilian community in New York, New Orleans, Boston, and Washington, DC region.
Brown identified himself as a Black American, born in Washington, DC, with no Brazilian ancestry. He spoke out how he became involved with the Brazilian community; learning Spanish, Portuguese, and about Brazilian and Cuban culture, including Santeria; working in public health as a Peace Corps volunteer in Brazil; and his participation with Santeria.
Bill Brown was interviewed by Olivia Cadaval. Interview is in English and minimal Portuguese. Digital audio files include loud white noise and static, and some loud background noise. Interviewee's voice is intelligible for the most part. During a few small portions of the interview, the interviewee stepped away from the microphone and could not be heard.
General:
Associated documentation for this interview is available in the Anacostia Community Museum Archives.
Title created by ACMA staff using text written on sound cassette, contents of audio recording, textual transcript, and/or associated archival documentation.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Black Mosaic: Community, Race, and Ethnicity among Black Immigrants in Washington, D. C. exhibition records, Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Sponsor:
Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).
Antonio Carlos Rodriguez spoke about his family, including his parents, siblings, and grandparents; the city of Sao Paulo, where he was born and lived until he immigrated to the United States in 1989; working for the American enterprise, National Biscuit Company, NABISCO in Brazil; his religious beliefs, Catholicism; discrimination in Brazil and the United States; and the relationship between Brazilians and Spanish speaking people. Rodriguez identifies as White Brazilian.
Rodriguez explained when and why he decided to immigrate to the United States; his first impression of the United States; the differences between the United States and Brazil; his participation in Brazilian cultural activities and Brazilian community in Washington, DC; and traditional Brazilian cuisine he prepares.
Antonio Carlos Rodriguez was interviewed by Dario J. Santos. Interview is in English. Digital audio files include white noise, static, and background noise. Interviewee's voice can be heard clearly.
General:
Associated documentation, including partial transcripts, for this interview is available in the Anacostia Community Museum Archives. The textual transcripts are not verbatim of the audio recordings.
Title created by ACMA staff using text written on sound cassette, contents of audio recording, textual transcript, and/or associated archival documentation.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Black Mosaic: Community, Race, and Ethnicity among Black Immigrants in Washington, D. C. exhibition records, Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Sponsor:
Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).
Interviews at Dona Flor restaurant, located in northwest Washington, DC, included assistant manager Cristina Pinheiro who is Brazilian; waitress Giselle Cruzeiro who is Argentinian and married to a Brazilian; cook Andres Romero who is Salvadoran; and tour guide Marcello Martins who is Brazilian.
Andres Romero, Cristina Pinheiro, and Giselle Cruzeiro spoke about how long they and the other restaurant employees have worked at Dona Flor restaurant; their knowledge of Brazilian food; the creation of the menu, including the specials and for holidays; Brazilian food and drinks, including recipe for chicken Copacabana; finding and purchasing ingredients; restaurant patrons' favorite dishes; handmade candy; why name of restaurant is Dona Flor; and the Brazilian tourist company which the restaurant has a contract with.
Tour guide Marcello Martins spoke about leading tours for Brazilians around the world; explaining the similarities and differences, including politics, economic priorities, and social conditions, between Brazil and the United States to Brazilians; teaching Brazilians how to respect the United States and Americans; his preference to work with Americans; how he would like to see Brazil and United States working together to help both Brazilians and Americans; helping other countries understand Brazilians; and preserving Brazilian customs.
The interviewees also described Brazilian holiday traditions, celebrations, and festivities, including food prepared and served; and what food they eat at home. A few of them explained how long they have lived in the United States and why they migrated to the US. Pinheiro also spoke about her future goals; living and working in Los Angeles, California versus Washington, DC; what surprised her when she arrived in the United States; and what she misses about Brazil.
Dona Flor restaurant interviews were conducted by Peggy Fleming and Grace Taylor. Interview is in English with minimal Spanish. Digital audio files include white noise and static, and some background noise. Interviewees' voice are intelligible for the most part.
General:
Associated documentation, including partial transcripts, for this interview is available in the Anacostia Community Museum Archives. The textual transcripts are not verbatim of the audio recordings.
Title created by ACMA staff using text written on sound cassette, contents of audio recording, textual transcript, and/or associated archival documentation.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Black Mosaic: Community, Race, and Ethnicity among Black Immigrants in Washington, D. C. exhibition records, Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Sponsor:
Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).
George Phillips, the Executive Director of the D.C. Partners of Brasilia, spoke about his long history of working with people from Latin America, particularly Brazil. He explained D.C. Partners of Brasilia works with people from all over Brazil, but particularly with those from Brasilia, and works to encourage Brazilian-U.S. relations by actively promoting social exchange between Washington, DC and its sister city Brasilia. Note, Phillips is not Brazilian.
Phillips spoke about D.C. Partners of Brasilia's projects and partnerships in Brazil and Washington, DC area, the carnival sponsored by D.C. Partners of Brasilia, his perception and understanding of Brazilians, and his trips to Brazil.
George Phillips was interviewed by Dario J. Santos at the House of Brazil Club. Interview is in English. Digital audio files include white noise and static. Interviewee's voice can be heard clearly for the most part.
General:
Associated documentation, including partial transcripts, for this interview is available in the Anacostia Community Museum Archives. The textual transcripts are not verbatim of the audio recordings.
Title created by ACMA staff using text written on sound cassette, contents of audio recording, textual transcript, and/or associated archival documentation.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Black Mosaic: Community, Race, and Ethnicity among Black Immigrants in Washington, D. C. exhibition records, Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Sponsor:
Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).
Georgina Antonia da Conceicao spoke about her extended family history and ethnic background, which included African and Brazilian ancestry. Conceicao also spoke about her childhood and growing up in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; racial and class discrimination in Brazil; the type of work she performed while living in Brazil; and why she migrated to the United States in 1966.
Conceicao spoke of her first impressions and experiences in the United States, including her immigrant visas and first employment experiences. She explained the differences between the United States and Brazil, how she was treated by Americans, meeting Brazilians and her involvement with the Brazilian community in Washington, DC area, and helping people in her community.
Conceicao also talked about buying a house and her children, the Latin American festival and other events for Brazilians, making costumes for the Latin parade, and Bahia and Afro-Brazilian culture and traditions.
Georgina Antonia da Conceicao's children - Rogers Rowland da Conceicao and RoseLee da Conceicao – were present during the interview and answered a few basic questions about themselves, Brazil, and Brazilians versus Americans. During a portion of the interview, Georgina Antonia da Conceicao danced with music playing; music playing at end of interview as well.
Georgina Antonia da Conceicao and her children were interviewed by Dario J. Santos. Interview is mostly in English with some Portuguese. Digital audio files include loud white noise and static; interviewees' voices are intelligible for the most part.
General:
Associated documentation, including partial transcripts, for this interview is available in the Anacostia Community Museum Archives. The textual transcripts are not verbatim of the audio recordings.
Title created by ACMA staff using text written on sound cassette, contents of audio recording, textual transcript, and/or associated archival documentation.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Black Mosaic: Community, Race, and Ethnicity among Black Immigrants in Washington, D. C. exhibition records, Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Sponsor:
Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).
Dario dos Santos spoke about immigrating to the United States to attend college in Pennsylvania in 1974; returning to Brazil, and working for the British Embassy for 6 years and then starting his own business; returning to the United States as a tourist and his plans; how he came to work as a bartender, waiter, and manager at Brazil Tropical in the Washington, DC area; completing his immigration paperwork; and his current immigration status. Note, Dario dos Santos identifies himself as white.
Santos explained how he maintained Brazilian culture while living in the United States; how he developed a relationship with the Brazilian community in Washington, DC area; and the origin of and competition to his Brazilian newspaper, which was the first Brazilian newspaper. He also spoke about his stepfamily who raised him in Brazil; and his wife's and daughter's arrival in the United States, including why they returned to Brazil shortly after their first arrival.
Interview is in English. Digital audio files include white noise and static, and lots of background noise. Interviewee's voice is intelligible for the most part. Also, sounds like some sound distortion in the audio files as well as an abrupt ending to the interview.
General:
Associated documentation for this interview is available in the Anacostia Community Museum Archives.
Title created by ACMA staff using text written on sound cassette, contents of audio recording, textual transcript, and/or associated archival documentation.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Black Mosaic: Community, Race, and Ethnicity among Black Immigrants in Washington, D. C. exhibition records, Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Sponsor:
Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).
Watson, James B. (James Bennett), 1918-2009 Search this
Extent:
52.5 Linear feet (123 boxes)
47 Sound recordings
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Sound recordings
Correspondence
Books
Programs
Field notes
Maps
Punched cards
Journals (periodicals)
Grant proposals
Photographs
Articles
Lecture notes
Place:
Papua New Guinea
Brazil
Mato Grosso (Brazil : State)
Papua New Guinea -- Social life and customs
Date:
1904-1998
bulk 1933-1987
Summary:
This collection contains the professional papers of cultural anthropologist James B. Watson, and documents his fieldwork in Papua New Guinea, Brazil, and Del Norte, Co., as well as his teaching career at the University of Washington. Included are field notes, lecture notes, correspondence, maps, photographs, books, articles, journals, grant proposals, surveys, data punch cards, conference materials, and sound recordings.
Scope and Contents:
This collection is comprised of the professional papers of James B. Watson, the bulk of which relate to his research and academic work on the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. The series are Research, Writings, Correspondence, Professional Activities, University Files, Biographical Files, Maps, Photographs, and Sound Recordings.
The Research series contains Watson's research on Hopi food classification systems in Arizona, Cayua acculturation in Brazil, social stratification between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking residents of Del Norte, Co., numerous research projects in Papua New Guinea, and gift exchange theories.
The Arizona, Hopi Food Classification Systems subseries consists of his research among the Hopi in Arizona, primarily on their food classication systems. Included are field notes and reports.
The Mato Grosso, Brazil and Cayua Acculturation subseries consists of research materials conducted while Watson was working as an assistant professor in Sao Paulo. Included are field notes, bibliographies, a journal, and a language notebook primarily regarding his research on culture change among the Cayua.
The Del Norte, Colorado Surveys subseries contains material related to research conducted in the summers of 1949 and 1950 as part of a study on social stratification between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking residents of Del Norte. Included are datasets from several community surveys on education, occupations, business, and cultural attitudes, along with research notes and background materials.
The Papua New Guinea subseries consists of research materials on the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Included are field notes, language materials, bibliographies, grant documents and research proposals, genealogy data, long reports and patrol reports, data punch cards, and TAT (thematic apperception test) protocols. There is material from several research projects including the Committee on New Guinea Studies (CONGS), the Kainantu Blood Group Study, and the New Guinea Religions Project. Watson's wife, Virginia Drew Watson, also has research material in this series. Language documentation include lexicons and notes about Agarabi, Auyana, Awa, Tairora, Gadsup, and Tok Pisin.
The subsubseries Micro-evolution Studies Project (MES) consists of related Papua New Guinea research as part of this multi-year project. Material included is correspondence, financial documents, memorandums and planning documents, grant proposals, language files, and work papers.
The Gift Exchange Theories subseries consists of Watson's research on gift exchange theories, primarily as they relate to small autonomous peoples. The material consists of research notes, paper ideas, bibliographies, and grant applications.
The Other Research subseries consists of papers and research that are not easily catagorized. Included are subject files on perception, notes and critiques of Marshal Sahlins's Stone Age Economics, and a research project by Watson studying innovation in high school social studies curriculum.
The Writings series primarily consists of journal articles produced over the duration of his career. Included are research notes, drafts, and some correspondence. A print copy is included where possible. There is significant material related to his book Tairora Culture, including chapter drafts, outlines, and reader comments. The writings by others are primarily annotated copies of articles, rare and small print-run items, or manuscripts by others sent to Watson for comment.
The Correspondence series contains professional and personal correspondence with Watson's colleagues and contemporaries in the field, including J. David Cole, Terence Hays, Paula Brown-Glick, Richard Lieban, Howard P. McKaughan, Harold Nelson, Kerry Pataki-Schweizer, Kenneth E. Read, Sterling Robbins, and Roy Wagner. Topics include his academic career, student dissertations, research grants and fellowships, and research related to Papua New Guinea, and in particular the Micro-evolution Studies project.
The Professional Activities series primarily consists of conference notes, papers, presentations, and symposium documents. Included are materials for the American Anthropological Association, the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania, the Pacific Sciences Conference, as well as symposiums held at the East-West Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. Some of the files are related to specific symposiums Watson attended or helped to organize, the bulk of which are related to Papua New Guinea. Also included are Watson's lecture notes, and materials related to the United Nations West Irian Development Plan
The University Files series contains material related to Watson's academic career. The bulk of the files are course materials from the classes he taught at the Univesity of Washington, which include lecture notes, syllabi, exams, and student papers. Other materials includes student dissertation files and some of Watson's course work from the University of Chicago.
The Biographical Files series includes numerous editions of his curriculum vitae and bibliographies.
The Maps series contains maps used in Watson's research, which includes Brazil; Del Norte, Co.; and Papua New Guinea. The bulk are maps of Papua New Guinea, and include published maps, annotated maps, hand-drawn maps, patrol reports, and linguistic maps.
The Photographs series contains photographs of Watson's fieldwork and professional career. The bulk of his fieldwork photographs are from Del Norte, Co. and Papua New Guinea. The Del Norte photographs include aerial images along with photographs of residents, houses, and cultural activities. The photographs from Papua New Guinea include images of a taro garden, a woman before and at her marriage ceremony, and images of tools found at an excavation site near the Wahgi Valley.
The sound recordings contain seven identified recordings made in the Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands, Kainantu District during James and Virginia Watson's first trip, 1954-1955. Also included are 31 recordings of lectures and classes by James Watson and others, two recordings of popular music, and six reels recorded at the Pacific Science Congress in Tokyo in 1966. The remaining 23 uncataloged recordings are unidentified or partially identified.
Please see individual series descriptions in the finding aid for additional information.
Arrangement note:
This collection is arranged in 9 series:
Series1: Research, 1933-1993
Series 2: Writings, 1904-1995
Series 3: Correspondence, 1933-1994
Series 4: Professional Activities, 1944-1998
Series 5: University Files, 1939-1991
Series 6: Biographical Files, 1941-1991
Series 7: Maps, circa 1920s-1970
Series 8: Photographs, circa 1942-1977
Series 9: Sound Recordings, 1954-1984
Biographical/Historical note:
James B. Watson (1918-2009) was a cultural anthropologist and university professor. He is primarily known for his ethnographic studies of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, with a concentration on acculturation. He taught at the University of Washington, was the prinicipal investigator for the Micro-evolution Studies project (MES), and the author of numerous journal articles and books.
Watson was born in Chicago, Ill., and raised in Bangor, Maine. He studied anthropology at the University of Chicago, earning his B.A. in 1941; his M.A. in 1945; and his Ph.D. in 1948. Fred Eggan acted as his advisor while he was pursuing his doctorate. He began his teaching career as an assistant professor at the Escala Livre de Sociologia e Politica, Sao Paulo (1944-1945); Beloit College (1945-1946); University of Oklahoma (1946-1947); and as an associate professor at Washington University in St. Louis (1947-1955). He then became a full professor of anthropology at the University of Washington (1955-1987), where he spent the majority of his career.
His ethnographic research began with his fieldwork among the Hopi in Arizona in 1942. He researched Hopi food classification systems, which would become the subject of his master's thesis. Watson would next study the effects of acculturation among the Cayua people in Mato Grosso, Brazil in 1943-1945. This research would become the basis of his dissertation, later to be published as Cayua Culture Change: A Study in Acculturation and Methodology. His wife, anthropologist Virginia Drew Watson, accompanied him and conducted her own research. While at Washington University, he directed fieldwork in the summers of 1949 and 1950 in Del Norte, Co., conducting several community surveys on education, occupations, business, and cultural attitudes. These surveys were part of a larger study on social stratification between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking residents of Del Norte.
Watson is most noted for his work in the Papua New Guinea Highlands, where he was one of the first generation of Highland ethnographers. Along with Virginia Drew Watson, he studied the Kainantu peoples of the Eastern Highlands including the Tairora, the Gadsup, the Auyana, and the Awa. He was involved in several research projects, including the Committee on New Guinea Studies (CONGS), The Kainantu Blood Group Study, and the New Guinea Religions Project.
He was also the principal investigator for the Micro-evolution Studies project (1959-1968) where he directed a team of researchers examining the interconnections of the Kainantu peoples from the perspectives of ethnography, linguistics, archaeology, and physical anthropology. Other MES researchers include Kenneth E. Read, Robert A. Littlewood, Howard McKaughan, Kerry J. Pataki-Schweizer, and Sterling Robbins. This research on Papua New Guinea is best described in his book Tairora Culture: Contingency and Pragmatism (1983).
He was professionally active, attending and organizing sessions at annual meetings for the American Anthropological Association (AAA) and the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania (ASAO). He also organized symposiums at the East-West Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. Additionally, he served as a consultant to the United Nations on their West Irian Development Plan in 1967. Watson retired from teaching in 1987, but continued to publish and remain involved in AAA and ASAO. He died in 2009.
Sources Consulted:
1999 Westermark, George. ASAO Honorary Fellow: James B. Watson. Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania Newsletter 104: 21
Chronology
1918 -- Born on August 10 in Chicago, Illinois
1941 -- B.A. in anthropology, University of Chicago Lecturer, University of Chicago
1941-1942 -- Fieldwork: Hopi
1943 -- Married Virgina Drew Fieldwork: Mato Grosso, Brazil
1943-1945 -- Fieldwork: Brazil
1944-1945 -- Assistant Professor, Escala Livre de Sociologia e Politica, Sao Paulo, Brazil
1945 -- M.A. in anthropology, University of Chicago
1945-1946 -- Assistant Professor, Beloit College
1946-1947 -- Assistant Professor, University of Oklahoma
1947-1955 -- Associate Professor, Washington University in St. Louis
1948 -- Ph.D. in anthropology, University of Chicago
1949-1950 -- Director, Washington University summer field project
1949-1950 -- Fieldwork: Del Norte, Colorado
1953-1955 -- Fieldwork: Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea
1955-1987 -- Professor of Anthropology, University of Washington
1959 -- Fieldwork: Papua New Guinea and Netherlands New Guinea
1959-1968 -- Principal Investigator, New Guinea Micro-evolution Studies Project
1963-1964 -- Fieldwork: Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea
1966-1967 -- Senior Specialist, Institute of Advanced Projects, East-West Center
1967 -- Consultant for United Nations Development Programme, West Irian
1967 -- Fieldwork: West Irian (Indonesia)
1987 -- Retired from teaching at University of Washington
2009 -- Died on November 12
Related Materials:
The National Anthropological Archives also holds the papers of Virginia D. Watson.
Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD holds the Micro-evolution Project Papers, MSS 436.
Provenance:
These papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by James Watson's daughter, Anne Watson, in 2003.
Restrictions:
Some research proposals not authored by Watson are restricted until 2083.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated by description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner. on back of photograph written by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This photograph was taken by Lorenzo Dow Turner while conducting field research in Brazil from 1940-1941; title generated from description written on back of photograph by Dr. Turner.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
This collection includes photographic prints, copy negatives, and one lantern slide made by Walter Garbe in 1909 among the Aimoré (Aymore, Aimboré) communities in the Doce River region of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Scope and Contents:
Photographic prints include P00622-P00641. Copy negatives include N11683, N13496, N34443-N34459. The copy negatives are copies of photographic prints from the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation (NMAI's predecessor museum). Lantern slides include L00081.
The photos produced in Espírito Santo were likely staged by Garbe, although do depict tasks that would've been part of daily routines, such as hunting and making fire.
Arrangement:
Arranged by catalog number.
Biographical / Historical:
Walter Garbe, born circa 1882, was a German photographer who lived and worked in Brazil. He was the son of Ernest (Ernesto) Garbe (1853-1925), a German naturalist who worked for the Museu Paulista in São Paulo, Brazil from 1902 until his death in 1925. In 1906, Walter accompanied his father on an expedition to the region surrounding the Doce River. They began the journey at the Doce River's intersection with the border of Minas Gerais, followed it to Linhares, and then went on to Lagoa Juparanã. While the aims of this first expedition were exploration and collecting zoological specimen, Walter Garbe soon returned to the Doce River on his own. In 1909, he made multiple excursions to this region to take ethnographic photos and notes documenting the Aimoré (Aymore, Aimboré) communities in Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. Garbe recorded information about the varying customs, clothing, food, and daily activities of these communities. Garbe also acquired several objects from the Aimoré, including flutes, weapons, and jewelry, to give to the Paulista Museum. In 1911, this collection of photographs was published with commentary in the Paulista Museum's magazine. The article, "Os botocudos do Rio Doce," was written by the Paulista Museum's director Herman von Ihering.
By the 1920s, Walter Garbe had become an established photographer. While Garbe was living in Santa Leopoldina in 1922, the city hired him to create cinematographic film of its waterfalls, rivers, city life, commercial endeavors (such as its transportation of coffee), and festivals. In 1923, Garbe continued to work as a photographer in Espírito Santo for the Secretary of Agriculture. From October 1932 to April 1933, Garbe joined Carlos Camargo and Olivério Pinto in an expedition to collect birds from Bahia and Madre de Deus. From 1928 to 1937, Garbe worked and possibly lived in São Paulo.
For more information on Walter Garbe, see "Os índios sob as lentes de Walter Garbe, em 1909" on Brasiliana Fotografica.
Related Materials:
Additional photographs from this collection (including uncropped versions) exist online at Brasiliana Fotografica, Biblioteca Nacional (Brasil) under "Índios Botocudos."
Provenance:
Accession information currently unknown.
Restrictions:
Photographic prints P00626 and P00628 (and corresponding copy negatives N34447 and N34448) are restricted due to sensitive content.
Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiphotos@si.edu. For personal or classroom use, users are invited to download, print, photocopy, and distribute the images that are available online without prior written permission, provided that the files are not modified in any way, the Smithsonian Institution copyright notice (where applicable) is included, and the source of the image is identified as the National Museum of the American Indian. For more information please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use and NMAI Archive Center's Digital Image request website.
Citation:
Identification of specific item; 1909; Walter Garbe photographs from Brazil, image #, NMAI.AC.137; National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution.
